Question 1

Which group or cause became the primary driver of the Temperance Movement according to the author of this chapter?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which group or cause became the primary...

Question 2

What did Durkheim mean by "the unstated terms of the social contract"?

Accepted Answer

Durkheim meant that there were certain expectations and obligations that individuals in society had towards each other, but these were not explicitly stated in laws or contracts. Rather, they were implicit norms that were understood and followed to maintain social order and cohesion.

Question 3

Which would most likely be a root for the discomfort described by Goffman (1963)in explaining the "norm of engagement"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which would most likely be a root...

Question 4

The heaviest users of morphine in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth century were __________.

Accepted Answer

Middle-class white women were commonly prescribed morphine by doctors to alleviate symptoms associated with menstrual cramps, headaches, and nervousness. This led to a significant increase in morphine addiction among this demographic during the late-nineteenth and early twentieth century.

Question 5

Edwin Sutherland (1949)coined the term __________ to describe a form of crime that was once not even considered a crime that put Americans at risk.

Accepted Answer

Edwin Sutherland coined the term "white-collar crime" in 1949 to describe a form of crime that was once not even considered a crime that put Americans at risk.

Question 6

What criminal activity ultimately brought Enron executives to justice?

Accepted Answer

The false profit reporting is the main criminal activity that brought Enron executives to justice. While they did overcharge California's energy users and force elderly people to get off the power grid, these actions alone did not bring them to justice. It was the discovery of their fraudulent accounting practices and false reporting of profits that ultimately led to their downfall and criminal prosecution.

Question 7

The War on Drugs to reduce abuse,protect children,make neighborhoods safer,and the like,fell disproportionately on __________,rather than treating the broader spectrum of social ills and classes for which it was intended.

Accepted Answer

The War on Drugs disproportionately affected African Americans. Despite evidence showing that drug abuse rates were relatively similar across races, African Americans were much more likely to be arrested, convicted, and incarcerated for drug-related offenses. This is due to discriminatory policing practices and mandatory minimum sentencing laws that result in harsher punishments for nonviolent drug offenses. The War on Drugs has, therefore, been criticized for perpetuating racial injustice and exacerbating the social and economic disparities that already exist for African American communities.

Question 8

The debtor's prisons of the nineteenth century are good examples __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The debtor's prisons of the nineteenth century...

Question 9

The great irony in American history is how the "demon rum" of the nineteenth century became a mark of good taste for the social drinker.What reason would best explain the cause?

Accepted Answer

The shift in consumption patterns, including who drank alcohol and how much, eventually led to a change in attitude towards alcohol as a social drink rather than a sinful one.

Question 10

One "success" for the modern crusade against homosexuality is __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One "success" for the modern crusade against...

Question 11

One police officer decides to pull over drivers going 10 miles over the speed limit.To make his quota,another police officer decides to pull over drivers going 7 mph over the limit.Who is being fairer?

Accepted Answer

Fairness in this context is subjective and depends on the officers' discretion and interpretation of the law, which can vary. The issue is the arbitrary enforcement of speed limits rather than a standardized approach.

Question 12

How does labeling a one as deviant reinforce the so-called "deviance"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does labeling a one as deviant...

Question 13

The widespread use of morphine that followed the Civil War was for what reason?

Accepted Answer

The widespread use of morphine after the Civil War was due to its effectiveness in treating a range of medical problems, including pain, dysentery, and respiratory issues. The invention of the hypodermic needle also allowed for easier administration of the drug.

Question 14

The transition of opiate use from an acceptable,if often abused pain reliever to that of a pleasure-seeking drug also saw a change _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The transition of opiate use from an...

Question 15

Which of the following would best illustrate how sociologists see process as defining deviance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following would best illustrate...

Question 16

When is a "deviant" behavior deviant according to most sociologists?

Accepted Answer

Deviant behavior is considered deviant when it violates societal rules or norms. These norms can be formal, such as laws, or informal, such as customs and traditions. Sociologists define deviance as behavior that departs from these norms and can range from mild infractions (such as parking in a no-parking zone) to serious crimes (such as murder). The determination of deviance is often dependent on the cultural and social context in which it takes place.

Question 17

Moral regulation,indeed,the effort to legislate morality is being curbed by what phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

There is a general support for lifestyle freedom rather than organized resistance. In modern times, there is a growing trend of individualism and a desire for personal liberty. As a result, people tend to resist any attempts to regulate their personal lifestyles and choices based on moral grounds. Thus, the moral regulation or legislation efforts are being curbed by a general support for lifestyle freedom rather than organized resistance.

Question 18

Why might a yogi in southern India or a Buddhist monk in Nepal violate a Westerner's so-called "norm of engagement"?

Accepted Answer

The practice of meditation and postures may appear idle to a Westerner who places a high value on productivity and activity. However, in the cultural contexts of southern India and Nepal, meditation and postures are seen as important components of spiritual practice and personal growth. Therefore, what may appear as a violation of the "norm of engagement" to a Westerner is actually a meaningful and purposeful activity in these cultural contexts.

Question 19

A norm can best be defined as a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

A norm is a basic rule of society that guides acceptable behavior.

Question 20

The 1919 constitutional amendment that outlawed the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages in the United States failed because __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The 1919 constitutional amendment that outlawed the...

Quiz 16: Crime, deviance, and Social Control