Question 1

________________ draws on internal experiences of memories,dreams,fantasies,and visions; explores the inner world of experience; protects the privacy of the patient; and fosters the imagination.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________________ draws on internal experiences of memories,dreams,fantasies,and...

Question 2

The patient voices concern to the nurse regarding his PCA pump.He states that he is afraid of getting an overdose if he pushes the button too many times.The nurse reassures the patient,stating that: (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

PCA prevents overdosing by interposing a preprogrammed delay time or "lockout" (usually 6 to 16 minutes)between patient-initiated doses.In addition,the prescriber may limit the total amount of opioid that the patient may receive in 1 to 4 hours (Pasero,1999).Use basal (continuous)infusions cautiously because studies have not shown superior analgesic benefit.Continuous infusion increases the risk for opioid overdose.

Question 3

Massaging upward and outward from the vertebral column and back again is known as __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Massaging upward and outward from the vertebral...

Question 4

___________ has an identifiable cause and rapid onset and generally disappears with healing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________ has an identifiable cause and rapid...

Question 5

Which of the following is categorized as a neurobiological disease?

Accepted Answer

Addiction is defined as a primary,chronic,neurobiological disease with genetic,psychosocial,and environmental factors that influence its development and manifestations.It is characterized by behaviors that include one or more of the following: impaired control over drug use,compulsive use,continued use despite harm,and craving.
Physical dependence is a state of adaptation that often includes tolerance and is manifested by a drug class-specific withdrawal syndrome that can be produced by abrupt cessation,rapid dose reduction,decreased blood level of the drug,and/or administration of an antagonist.Pseudoaddiction is a term that describes patient behavior that may occur when pain is undertreated.Patients with unrelieved pain may focus on obtaining medications,may "clock watch," or otherwise may seem inappropriately "drug seeking." Even such behaviors as illicit drug use and deception can occur in the patient's efforts to obtain relief.Pseudoaddiction can be distinguished from true addiction in that behaviors resolve when pain is effectively treated.Drug tolerance is defined as a state of adaptation in which exposure to a drug induces changes that result in diminution of one or more of the drug's effects over time.

Question 6

________________ is a method of preventing pain while reducing overall opioid use.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________________ is a method of preventing pain...

Question 7

The application of touch and movement to muscles,tendons,and ligaments without manipulation of the joints is called _________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The application of touch and movement to...

Question 8

The ______________ is just around the spinal cord and contains CSF.Only physicians and nurse anesthetists administer drugs in this space.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ______________ is just around the spinal...

Question 9

_______________________ is a massage technique used on tense muscles to "knead" muscles,promote relaxation,and stimulate local circulation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______________________ is a massage technique used on...

Question 10

The _______________ is a potential space between the vertebral bones and the dura mater,the outermost meninges covering the brain and spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______________ is a potential space between...

Question 11

Pain is experienced differently by different people.This is because pain perception is based on which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Because higher centers in the brain influence perception greatly,the pain experience is a product of a person's past pain experiences,values,cultural expectations,and emotions.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about evaluating patients in pain?

Accepted Answer

Patients often are hesitant to report pain for fear of being labeled as complainers,hypochondriacs,or addicts.
The patient's self-report is the most reliable indicator of the existence and intensity of pain.
Even with severe pain,periods of physiological and behavioral adaptation occur,leading to periods of minimal or no observable signs of pain.Lack of pain expression does not necessarily mean lack of pain.Nonpharmacological interventions are synergistic with medications,but are not a substitute for pharmacological management of pain.

Question 13

The patient has morphine sulfate ordered for pain every 4 hours "PRN." The patient complains of severe pain and usually requests more morphine an hour before it is due.The nurse should: (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Some patients exhibit drug-seeking behaviors when in fact they are seeking pain relief.Occasionally,a physician will order a placebo to discredit a patient's report of pain.This is unethical and should be avoided.Timely administration before a patient's pain becomes severe is crucial to ensure optimal relief.Pain is easier to prevent than to treat.In most circumstances,administration of pharmacological agents "around-the-clock" rather than on an "as-needed" (PRN)basis is preferable.Often a combination of nonopioids and opioids is effective in managing pain.Using an integrated approach that considers both pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies in managing is recommended.

Question 14

__________________ is an interactive method of pain management that permits patient control over pain through self-administration of analgesics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________________ is an interactive method of pain...

Question 15

Drugs administered in the epidural space spread by: (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A drug administered in the epidural space spreads (1)by diffusion through the dura mater into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),where it acts directly on receptors in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord; (2)via blood vessels in the epidural space systemic delivery; and/or (3)by means of absorption by fat in the epidural space,creating a depot where the drug is released slowly into the systemic circulation.

Question 16

The patient states that the PCA is not controlling his pain.The nurse checks the infusion setup and the IV site,then evaluates the patient's skill at using the system.All looks in order.The nurse should notify the physician to: (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Instruct the patient to check with the nurse or physician with questions and concerns,or if medication is not controlling pain.The drug may have to be changed,or the dosage may need to be adjusted.

Question 17

Which of the following are characteristics of cancer pain? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Cancer pain may be acute,chronic,or intermittent,and it usually is related to tumor recurrence or treatment.The patient is the only one who knows whether pain is present and what the experience is like.It is not the patient's responsibility to convince the nurse that he has pain; it is the nurse's responsibility to believe the patient.

Question 18

Pain that extends beyond the period of healing and often lacks an identified pathology is known as _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pain that extends beyond the period of...

Question 19

Some patients exhibit drug-seeking behaviors when in fact they are seeking pain relief.This is termed _________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some patients exhibit drug-seeking behaviors when in...

Quiz 15: Pain Assessment and Basic Comfort Measures