Question 1

If a person is having problems with tongue movement,what would you predict as a possible cause and other potential problems?

Accepted Answer

The hypoglossal nerve is responsible for controlling movement of the tongue, so damage to this nerve could result in difficulties with tongue movement. Proprioception is the sense of the relative position of one's own body and limbs, so a decrease in proprioception of the tongue could also contribute to the problem. The other options are less likely to be related to tongue movement issues.

Question 2

Match each cranial nerve with its function or description.
-branches into three nerves: the ophthalmic,maxillary,and mandibular nerves

Accepted Answer

The trigeminal nerve branches into three nerves: the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves.

Answer: G
 The vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for hearing and balance.

Answer: J
 The hypoglossal nerve controls the movements of the tongue.

Answer: A
 The olfactory nerve is responsible for the sense of smell.

Answer: B
 The optic nerve is responsible for vision.

Answer: C
 The oculomotor nerve controls the movements of the eye, such as constriction of the pupil and raising the eyelid.

Answer: D
 The trochlear nerve controls the movement of the superior oblique muscle in the eye.

Answer: H
 The glossopharyngeal nerve is responsible for taste and control of muscles in the throat.

Answer: I
 The vagus nerve is responsible for many functions, including control of the heart, lungs, and digestive system.

Question 3

Match each cranial nerve with its function or description.
-dendrites and cell bodies are along the superior conchae

Accepted Answer

The olfactory nerve is responsible for the sense of smell and has dendrites and cell bodies located along the superior conchae in the nasal cavity.

Answer: B
 The optic nerve is responsible for vision and carries visual information from the eye to the brain.

Answer: C
 The oculomotor nerve controls the movement of most of the eye muscles.

Answer: D
 The trochlear nerve controls the movement of the superior oblique muscle, which is responsible for downward and inward eye movement.

Answer: E
 The trigeminal nerve is responsible for sensation in the face and the motor functions of biting and chewing.

Answer: F
 The abducens nerve controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle, which is responsible for outward eye movement.

Answer: G
 The vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for hearing and balance.

Answer: H
 The glossopharyngeal nerve controls swallowing and taste sensation in the back of the tongue.

Answer: I
 The vagus nerve controls a wide range of functions, including digestion, heart rate, and breathing.

Answer: J
 The hypoglossal nerve controls the movement of the tongue.

Question 4

By age 2 years in a normal infant,the stimulus that once caused the Babinski reflex now causes:

Accepted Answer

The Babinski reflex is a normal reflex in infants up until about 2 years old. After this age, when the bottom of the foot is stroked, instead of the toes flexing upward (which is the Babinski reflex), the normal response is for the toes to curl down (which is the plantar reflex). Therefore, the correct answer is C) the plantar reflex.

Question 5

In a healthy adult,a well-placed tap on the knee will result in a:

Accepted Answer

When the knee is tapped, it causes a sudden stretch of the patellar tendon and quadriceps femoris muscle which activates the muscle spindles. These spindles then send a sensory signal to the spinal cord, which in turn, triggers a reflex arc causing the contraction of the quadriceps femoris muscle to extend the knee joint. Therefore, choice C which describes a stretch of the tendon and quadriceps femoris muscle and stimulation of the muscle spindles is the best answer. Choice A only describes the muscle contraction and stimulation of muscle spindles, and choice B and D do not accurately describe the mechanism of the knee-jerk reflex.

Question 6

What is the difference between a somatic reflex and an autonomic reflex?

Accepted Answer

A somatic reflex involves contraction of skeletal muscles, while an autonomic reflex involves contraction of smooth or cardiac muscles or secretion of glands. Therefore, option C is the correct choice as it correctly distinguishes between the two types of reflexes.

Question 7

How is herpes zoster (shingles)a result of the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus?

Accepted Answer

The varicella zoster virus remains dormant in the dorsal root ganglion and can reactivate later in life, affecting cutaneous nerves and causing shingles.

Question 8

What would the result be if the phrenic nerve received an impulse from the cervical plexus?

Accepted Answer

The phrenic nerve is responsible for innervating the diaphragm, which is the primary muscle responsible for breathing. Therefore, if the phrenic nerve received an impulse from the cervical plexus (which is located in the neck region), the diaphragm may stop contracting, leading to respiratory problems. Options B, C, and D are not affected by the phrenic nerve.

Question 9

A gymnast is experiencing problems with balance and equilibrium.Which of the following cranial nerves may be causing this condition?

Accepted Answer

The vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII) is responsible for the sense of balance and equilibrium, as well as hearing. Problems with this nerve can lead to difficulties with balance and coordination.

Question 10

A patient complains of numbness in the skin of the buttocks and the posterior surface of the thigh and leg.The spinal nerve or peripheral branch most likely involved with this condition is the _____ plexus.

Accepted Answer

Numbness in the skin of the buttocks and the posterior surface of the thigh and leg is suggestive of involvement of the coccygeal plexus, which arises from the S4-S5 spinal nerves and innervates the perineal region, buttocks, and posterior surface of the thigh and leg. The brachial and cervical plexuses innervate the upper limb, while the thoracic plexus supplies the chest wall and abdomen.

Question 11

Match each cranial nerve with its function or description.
-involved in both hearing and equilibrium

Accepted Answer

The vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for both hearing and equilibrium.

Answer: A
 The olfactory nerve is responsible for the sense of smell.

Answer: B
 The optic nerve is responsible for vision.

Answer: C
 The oculomotor nerve is responsible for controlling most of the eye's movements, including the pupil's response to light.

Answer: D
 The trochlear nerve is responsible for the downward and inward movement of the eye.

Answer: E
 The trigeminal nerve is responsible for sensation in the face, as well as chewing and biting movements.

Answer: F
 The abducens nerve is responsible for lateral eye movement.

Answer: H
 The glossopharyngeal nerve is responsible for sensation and movement in the throat, as well as taste sensation from the posterior third of the tongue.

Answer: I
 The vagus nerve is responsible for sensation and movement in the throat and organs of the chest and abdomen.

Answer: J
 The hypoglossal nerve is responsible for tongue movement.

Question 12

Small branches from the cervical plexus join which two cranial nerves?

Accepted Answer

The small branches from the cervical plexus join the hypoglossal and accessory cranial nerves.

Question 13

Judy has sustained an injury that has damaged the vestibulocochlear nerve.This injury will have an effect on her ability to:

Accepted Answer

The vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for hearing, so damage to this nerve would affect Judy's ability to hear.

Question 14

Match each cranial nerve with its function or description.
-fibers are widely distributed in the body; name means "wanderer"

Accepted Answer

The vagus nerve has fibers that are widely distributed in the body and its name means "wanderer".

Answer: A
 The olfactory nerve is responsible for the sense of smell.

Answer: B
 The optic nerve is responsible for vision.

Answer: C
 The oculomotor nerve controls several muscles in the eye, including the pupil and lens.

Answer: D
 The trochlear nerve controls the superior oblique muscle of the eye.

Answer: E
 The trigeminal nerve controls sensation in the face and provides motor control to the muscles of chewing.

Answer: F
 The abducens nerve controls the lateral rectus muscle of the eye.

Answer: G
 The vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for hearing and balance.

Answer: H
 The glossopharyngeal nerve controls the tongue and pharynx for swallowing, and provides sensation to the back of the throat.

Answer: J
 The hypoglossal nerve controls the muscles of the tongue.

Question 15

Danielle has sustained an injury that has reduced her ability to complete simple tasks such as lifting a pencil,manipulating eating utensils,and brushing her hair.The injury has affected the _____ motor pathways _____ the CNS.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Danielle has sustained an injury that has...

Question 16

Match each cranial nerve with its function or description.
-supplies muscles of the tongue; name means "under the tongue"

Accepted Answer

The Hypoglossal nerve, which is cranial nerve XII, supplies the muscles of the tongue. Its name, "hypoglossal," literally means "under the tongue."

Question 17

When responding to stimulation of the outer margin of the sole of the foot,a 1-year-old infant extends her great toe without fanning of the other toes.This happens because:

Accepted Answer

The described response is the Babinski reflex, which is a normal reflex in infants that disappears as the corticospinal fibers become fully myelinated. Therefore, choice B is correct, as it correctly describes that the corticospinal fibers have not yet fully myelinated, which results in the activation of the Babinski reflex. Choices A, C, and D are all incorrect, as they do not explain the specific phenomenon of the Babinski reflex.

Question 18

The spinal ganglion can be found on the _____ of the spinal nerve.

Accepted Answer

The spinal ganglion is typically located on the dorsal nerve root of the spinal nerve. This is because the spinal ganglion contains cell bodies of sensory neurons, which are responsible for sending signals towards the spinal cord. These sensory neurons receive input from various sensory receptors throughout the body, and the signals they generate are transmitted along the dorsal nerve root towards the spinal cord.

Question 19

After radiation treatment,Jake experienced a painful eruption of red,swollen plaques that ruptured and later crusted over.Soon after the eruption of the vesicles,Jake complained of burning and itching in the affected dermatome.These symptoms are most likely a result of what condition?

Accepted Answer

The eruption of red, swollen plaques that rupture and crust over, along with the burning and itching in a specific dermatome point to the diagnosis of herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles. Shingles is a viral infection caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox, and it can occur after radiation treatment in some individuals. Options A, C, and D are less likely causes of these symptoms.

Question 20

Match each cranial nerve with its function or description.
-connects to various external muscles of the eye

Accepted Answer

The oculomotor nerve connects to various external muscles of the eye and is responsible for eye movement.

Answer: B 
 The optic nerve is responsible for vision and connects the eye to the brain.

Answer: F 
 The abducens nerve also connects to external eye muscles and is responsible for lateral eye movement.

Answer: E 
 The trigeminal nerve is responsible for sensation in the face and also controls chewing muscles.

Answer: G 
 The vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for hearing and balance.

Answer: H 
 The glossopharyngeal nerve controls swallowing and taste, as well as some sensation in the tongue and throat.

Answer: I 
 The vagus nerve controls the heart, lungs, and digestive tract and is also involved in speech and swallowing.

Answer: J 
 The hypoglossal nerve is responsible for movement of the tongue.

Quiz 15: Peripheral Nervous System

If a person is having problems with tongue movement,what would you predict as a possible cause and other potential problems?

Match each cranial nerve with its function or description. -branches into three nerves: the ophthalmic,maxillary,and mandibular nerves

Match each cranial nerve with its function or description. -dendrites and cell bodies are along the superior conchae

By age 2 years in a normal infant,the stimulus that once caused the Babinski reflex now causes:

In a healthy adult,a well-placed tap on the knee will result in a:

What is the difference between a somatic reflex and an autonomic reflex?

How is herpes zoster (shingles) a result of the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus?

What would the result be if the phrenic nerve received an impulse from the cervical plexus?

A gymnast is experiencing problems with balance and equilibrium.Which of the following cranial nerves may be causing this condition?

A patient complains of numbness in the skin of the buttocks and the posterior surface of the thigh and leg.The spinal nerve or peripheral branch most likely involved with this condition is the _____ plexus.

Match each cranial nerve with its function or description. -involved in both hearing and equilibrium

Small branches from the cervical plexus join which two cranial nerves?

Judy has sustained an injury that has damaged the vestibulocochlear nerve.This injury will have an effect on her ability to:

Match each cranial nerve with its function or description. -fibers are widely distributed in the body; name means "wanderer"

Danielle has sustained an injury that has reduced her ability to complete simple tasks such as lifting a pencil,manipulating eating utensils,and brushing her hair.The injury has affected the _ motor pathways _ the CNS.

Match each cranial nerve with its function or description. -supplies muscles of the tongue; name means "under the tongue"

When responding to stimulation of the outer margin of the sole of the foot,a 1-year-old infant extends her great toe without fanning of the other toes.This happens because:

The spinal ganglion can be found on the _____ of the spinal nerve.

After radiation treatment,Jake experienced a painful eruption of red,swollen plaques that ruptured and later crusted over.Soon after the eruption of the vesicles,Jake complained of burning and itching in the affected dermatome.These symptoms are most likely a result of what condition?

Match each cranial nerve with its function or description. -connects to various external muscles of the eye