Question 1

A lateral thoracic projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1)the intervertebral foramina.
2)about 0.5 inch (1 cm) of space between the posterior ribs.
3)open intervertebral disk spaces.
4)the pedicles in profile.

Accepted Answer

The lateral thoracic projection is used to demonstrate the intervertebral foramina (1), the pedicles in profile (4), and the open intervertebral disk spaces (3). The posterior ribs are not visualized on this projection, so there is no space between them (2).

Question 2

A less than optimal AP axial cervical vertebrae projection demonstrating closed intervertebral disk spaces and each vertebra's spinous process within its vertebral body

Accepted Answer

The answer of A less than optimal AP axial cervical...

Question 3

A PA axial oblique cervical projection (LAO position) obtained with the patient overrotated demonstrates the
1)right pedicles in the midlines of the vertebral bodies.
2)right pedicles in profile.
3)left zygapophyseal joints.
4)vertebral column superimposed over the right SC joint and medial clavicle.

Accepted Answer

A PA axial oblique cervical projection (LAO position) obtained with the patient overrotated will show the right pedicles in profile because they will be projected away from the vertebral bodies. Additionally, the left zygapophyseal joints will be demonstrated, as they are closer to the IR in this view. The vertebral column will not be superimposed over the right SC joint and medial clavicle in this projection because the patient is overrotated, which shifts the vertebral column away from those structures. The right pedicles will not be in the midlines of the vertebral bodies for the same reason.

Question 4

For an AP thoracic projection, the
1)shoulders and the ASISs are positioned at equal distances from the imaging table.
2)hips and knees are flexed until the lower back is pressed against the imaging table.
3)central ray is centered to the fifth thoracic vertebra.
4)transversely collimated field is open to an 8-inch (20-cm) field size.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For an AP thoracic projection, the
1)shoulders and...

Question 5

To achieve uniform density throughout the entire thoracic vertebrae on an AP thoracic projection,
1)position a wedge-type compensating filter over the upper thoracic vertebrae.
2)use a high-ratio grid.
3)position the patient's feet toward the cathode end of the tube.
4)use a low kVp technique.

Accepted Answer

Placing a wedge-type compensating filter over the upper thoracic vertebrae can help to equalize the density of the thoracic vertebrae, which tend to be thicker in the upper region. Positioning the patient's feet toward the cathode end of the tube can help to reduce scatter radiation and improve image contrast. Using a low kVp technique can also improve contrast and reduce scatter radiation. Using a high-ratio grid can be helpful for larger patients or when using higher kVp techniques, but it is not directly related to achieving uniform density on an AP thoracic projection.

Question 6

For a lateral thoracic projection,
1)the shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the imaging table.
2)the arms are abducted to a 90-degree angle.
3)a breathing technique is used.
4)a radiolucent sponge is positioned between the patient's lateral body surface and imaging table at a level just inferior to the iliac crest.

Accepted Answer

In a lateral thoracic projection, the arms are abducted to a 90-degree angle to prevent superimposition over the thoracic spine, and a breathing technique is used to blur out the ribs and lung markings.

Question 7

An optimal AP axial cervical vertebrae projection demonstrates all of the following except

Accepted Answer

The optimal AP axial cervical vertebrae projection should show the spinous processes aligned with the midline of the cervical bodies and open intervertebral disk spaces. However, each vertebra's spinous process is not typically visualized at the level of its superior intervertebral disk space in this view; instead, they are usually projected within the confines of the vertebral bodies.

Question 8

A lateral cervicothoracic projection (Twining method) demonstrates closed intervertebral disk spaces and distorted vertebral bodies. How was the patient mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?

Accepted Answer

A lateral cervicothoracic projection should be taken with the midsagittal plane of the patient aligned parallel with the IR. If the patient is mispositioned, the intervertebral disk spaces may appear closed and the vertebral bodies may appear distorted, as described in the scenario. Option A may result in elongation of the cervical vertebrae, but this would not explain the closed intervertebral disk spaces. Option B would not affect the cervical vertebrae and disk spaces imaged in the lateral cervicothoracic projection. Option C may result in asymmetry between the two sides of the cervical vertebrae, but would not cause closed intervertebral disk spaces.

Question 9

A lateral cervicothoracic projection (Twining method) with poor positioning demonstrates the humerus with the greater degree of magnification rotated posteriorly. How was the patient mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?

Accepted Answer

The greater degree of magnification is on the side of the body that is farther from the IR.

Question 10

A lateral thoracic projection with poor positioning demonstrates more than 0.5 inch (1 cm) of space between the posterior ribs. How should the patient be positioned for an optimal projection to be obtained?
1)Rotate the patient's elevated side anteriorly.
2)Position the midsagittal plane perpendicular to the imaging table.
3)Center the central ray and IR superiorly.
4)Align the shoulders, posterior ribs, and posterior wings perpendicular to the imaging table.

Accepted Answer

To obtain an optimal lateral thoracic projection, the patient should be positioned with the elevated side rotated anteriorly (1) and the shoulders, posterior ribs, and posterior wings aligned perpendicular to the imaging table (4). This will help reduce the space between the posterior ribs, allowing for better visualization of the thoracic structures. Positioning the midsagittal plane perpendicular to the imaging table (2) and centering the central ray and IR superiorly (3) are also important steps for obtaining an optimal projection, but they do not directly address the issue of the space between the posterior ribs.

Question 11

A PA axial oblique cervical projection demonstrates closed intervertebral disk spaces and distorted vertebral bodies when the

Accepted Answer

Inaccurate central ray angulation can lead to closed intervertebral disk spaces and distorted vertebral bodies in a PA axial oblique cervical projection. Proper angulation is crucial for accurate imaging.

Question 12

An AP thoracic projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1)distorted vertebral bodies.
2)the long axis of the thoracic vertebrae aligned with the long axis of the collimated field.
3)spinous processes aligned with the midline of the vertebral bodies.
4)open intervertebral joint spaces.

Accepted Answer

An accurately positioned AP thoracic projection should show the thoracic vertebrae aligned with the collimated field, spinous processes in the midline, and open intervertebral joint spaces without distortion.

Question 13

An AP axial cervical vertebrae projection demonstrates a portion of the third cervical vertebra superimposed over the posterior occipital bone. How should the positioning setup be adjusted to obtain an optimal projection?

Accepted Answer

The answer of An AP axial cervical vertebrae projection demonstrates...

Question 14

For a lateral cervicothoracic projection (Twining method), the
1)patient is placed in a lateral projection.
2)arm placed adjacent to the imaging table is elevated.
3)arm placed farther from the imaging table is positioned at a 90-degree angle with the body.
4)midsagittal plane is aligned parallel with the IR.

Accepted Answer

For a lateral cervicothoracic projection (Twining method), the patient is placed in a lateral projection (1), the arm placed adjacent to the imaging table is elevated (2), and the midsagittal plane is aligned parallel with the IR (4). The arm placed farther from the imaging table is positioned at a 90-degree angle with the body (3). Therefore, the best choice is C, which includes options 1, 2, and 4.

Question 15

An AP thoracic projection with poor positioning demonstrates closed eighth through twelfth intervertebral disk spaces. How was the patient mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?

Accepted Answer

The patient's knees and hips were extended, causing the lumbar spine to straighten and the intervertebral disk spaces to close. Flexing the knees and hips helps to flatten the lumbar spine and open the disk spaces.

Question 16

A lateral thoracic projection with poor positioning demonstrates closed eighth through twelfth intervertebral disk spaces. How was the patient mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?
1)The central ray was not aligned perpendicular to the thoracic vertebrae.
2)The vertebral column was not aligned parallel with the imaging table.
3)A radiolucent sponge was not accurately positioned between the lateral surface of the patient and the imaging table.
4)The hips and knees were extended.

Accepted Answer

To obtain a lateral thoracic projection, it is important to align the vertebral column parallel with the imaging table and ensure that a radiolucent sponge is accurately positioned between the lateral surface of the patient and the imaging table. In addition, the central ray should be aligned perpendicular to the thoracic vertebrae. Failure to align the vertebral column parallel to the imaging table and accurately position the sponge can result in closed intervertebral disk spaces.

Question 17

A lateral cervicothoracic projection (Twining method) with accurate positioning demonstrates
1)distorted vertebral bodies.
2)superimposed right and left articular pillars.
3)open intervertebral disk spaces.
4)the fifth through seventh cervical and first through third thoracic vertebrae.

Accepted Answer

The Twining method, or lateral cervicothoracic projection, is designed to visualize the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae. It accurately demonstrates superimposed right and left articular pillars, open intervertebral disk spaces, and the fifth through seventh cervical and first through third thoracic vertebrae. It does not cause distorted vertebral bodies; instead, it aims to clearly depict these anatomical structures.

Question 18

An AP thoracic projection obtained with the patient rotated toward the left side demonstrates
1)the spinous processes positioned closer to the right side.
2)a greater distance from the right pedicle to the spinous process than from the left pedicle to the spinous process.
3)the right SC joint superimposed over the vertebral column.
4)closed intervertebral disk spaces.

Accepted Answer

When the patient is rotated toward the left side, the spinous processes are positioned closer to the right side, which is the first option. In addition, the right SC joint will be superimposed over the vertebral column, which is the third option. The other options are not associated with patient rotation in an AP thoracic projection.

Question 19

A PA axial oblique cervical projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1)the zygapophyseal joints.
2)the intervertebral foramina.
3)open intervertebral disk spaces.
4)the inferior cortical outlines of the mandible without superimposition.

Accepted Answer

A PA axial oblique cervical projection is designed to demonstrate the intervertebral foramina (2), open intervertebral disk spaces (3), and the inferior cortical outlines of the mandible without superimposition (4).

Question 20

Which of the following projections or positions demonstrates the right intervertebral foramina?
1)Lateral
2)LPO
3)LAO
4)RAO

Accepted Answer

The right intervertebral foramina are best demonstrated in the RAO (Right Anterior Oblique) and LPO (Left Posterior Oblique) positions. In these oblique positions, the spine is rotated in such a way that the foramina on the right side are opened up and can be clearly visualized on imaging.

Quiz 8: Image Analysis of the Cervical and Thoracic Vertebrae

A lateral thoracic projection with accurate positioning demonstrates 1) the intervertebral foramina. 2) about 0.5 inch (1 cm) of space between the posterior ribs. 3) open intervertebral disk spaces. 4) the pedicles in profile.

A less than optimal AP axial cervical vertebrae projection demonstrating closed intervertebral disk spaces and each vertebra's spinous process within its vertebral body

To achieve uniform density throughout the entire thoracic vertebrae on an AP thoracic projection, 1) position a wedge-type compensating filter over the upper thoracic vertebrae. 2) use a high-ratio grid. 3) position the patient's feet toward the cathode end of the tube. 4) use a low kVp technique.

An optimal AP axial cervical vertebrae projection demonstrates all of the following except

A lateral cervicothoracic projection (Twining method) demonstrates closed intervertebral disk spaces and distorted vertebral bodies. How was the patient mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?

A lateral cervicothoracic projection (Twining method) with poor positioning demonstrates the humerus with the greater degree of magnification rotated posteriorly. How was the patient mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?

A PA axial oblique cervical projection demonstrates closed intervertebral disk spaces and distorted vertebral bodies when the

An AP thoracic projection with accurate positioning demonstrates 1) distorted vertebral bodies. 2) the long axis of the thoracic vertebrae aligned with the long axis of the collimated field. 3) spinous processes aligned with the midline of the vertebral bodies. 4) open intervertebral joint spaces.

An AP axial cervical vertebrae projection demonstrates a portion of the third cervical vertebra superimposed over the posterior occipital bone. How should the positioning setup be adjusted to obtain an optimal projection?

An AP thoracic projection with poor positioning demonstrates closed eighth through twelfth intervertebral disk spaces. How was the patient mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?

A lateral cervicothoracic projection (Twining method) with accurate positioning demonstrates 1) distorted vertebral bodies. 2) superimposed right and left articular pillars. 3) open intervertebral disk spaces. 4) the fifth through seventh cervical and first through third thoracic vertebrae.

A PA axial oblique cervical projection with accurate positioning demonstrates 1) the zygapophyseal joints. 2) the intervertebral foramina. 3) open intervertebral disk spaces. 4) the inferior cortical outlines of the mandible without superimposition.

Which of the following projections or positions demonstrates the right intervertebral foramina? 1) Lateral 2) LPO 3) LAO 4) RAO