Question 1

Which of the following type of dune does not have the curve of the dune crest is bowed outward in the downwind direction?

Accepted Answer

The shape of a barchan dune is crescent-shaped with its crest bowed in the upwind direction, unlike other types of dunes such as parabolic dunes which have their crests bowed outward in the downwind direction. Coastal blowout dunes are typically small and irregular, longitudinal dunes are long and parallel to wind direction, and dunes in a sand sea can come in different shapes and sizes.

Question 2

Backwash as it flows back down a beach may also be referred to as a/an:

Accepted Answer

Backwash refers to the water that flows back down a beach after a wave breaks. This water flows back towards the ocean, and it is usually directed downward at an angle. This is known as an undercurrent. The other options refer to the movement of water along a beach or coast in different ways, but they are not directly related to the backwash.

Question 3

Which of the following is a depositional coastal landform?

Accepted Answer

A tombolo is a depositional feature that forms when sediment builds up and connects an offshore island or rock outcropping to the mainland. The other options are erosional features.

Question 4

A landform which forms a link between an offshore island and the mainland is a (an)______________

Accepted Answer

A tombolo is a sandy, gravelly or rocky strip of land projecting into a body of water and connecting an island to the mainland or another island.

Question 5

When waves approach a shoreline at an angle to the beach,a current is set up parallel to the shore in a direction away from the wind.This is specifically known as the:

Accepted Answer

A longshore current is a current of water that flows parallel to the shoreline caused by waves approaching the beach at an angle. The other options are not specific to this phenomenon. Undercurrents are usually strong currents moving below the surface, littoral and beach drifts are general terms for the movement of sand along the beach, and longshore drift can refer to the movement of sediment by longshore currents and waves.

Question 6

When a wave approaches a beach at an oblique angle,only part of it is lowed down as it reaches shallow water.The rest of the wave continues to move at a high velocity,bending the wave.This process is called ________________.

Accepted Answer

When a wave approaches a beach at an oblique angle, it undergoes a change of direction as it moves from deeper water to shallower water. This process is called wave refraction. As the part of the wave that is closest to the shore slows down, the rest of the wave continues to move at a high velocity, causing the wave to bend. This bending of the wave is known as refraction.

Question 7

Saltation is:

Accepted Answer

Saltation is the bouncing of grains of material along the surface, typically caused by wind or water flow.

Question 8

In which of the following environments could induced deflation potentially occur?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which of the following environments could...

Question 9

Which part of a sand dune typically slopes at the angle of repose of sand?

Accepted Answer

The leeward side of a sand dune is typically the side that slopes at the angle of repose of sand. This is because it is sheltered from wind and sand movement, allowing the sand to settle at its natural angle of stability. The windward side, on the other hand, is typically steeper due to the constant wind pushing sand up the slope.

Question 10

A ring-like coral reef surrounding an empty lagoon is a (an)_______________.

Accepted Answer

A ring-like coral reef surrounding an empty lagoon is called an atoll. A berm is a narrow ridge of sediment at the beach, a tombolo is a sandbar that connects an island to the mainland, a spit is a narrow beach extending from the land into the water, and a stack is a small, vertical rock formation in the sea.

Question 11

Which of the following describes the order of features observed as a breaking wave approaches a coast and finally breaks?

Accepted Answer

As a wave approaches the coast, it steepens due to the decrease in water depth, then falls forward as it breaks, and finally rushes up the beach slope.

Question 12

Which of the following features immediately precedes the formation of a sea stack?

Accepted Answer

A sea arch is formed when waves erode a headland, creating a hole (or arch) through the rock. Over time, the arch becomes larger as the waves continue to erode the rock. Eventually, the arch will collapse, leaving behind a sea stack. Therefore, a sea arch immediately precedes the formation of a sea stack.

Question 13

A drowned river mouth indicates which of the following types of coastline?

Accepted Answer

A drowned river mouth is a characteristic of a submergent coast, which is a coastline that is slowly sinking relative to the sea level. This type of coastline is often characterized by features such as long, narrow bays or estuaries, and drowned river valleys.

Question 14

Relatively small sand dunes that are crescent-shaped are termed:

Accepted Answer

Barchans are characterized by crescent shape and are relatively small sand dunes. Star dunes are radial in shape, transverse dunes are perpendicular to the wind direction, longitudinal dunes are parallel to the wind direction, and seif dunes are linear and parallel to the wind direction.

Question 15

The shifting of materials up and down the coastline edge with the wash and backwash is specifically known as the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The shifting of materials up and down...

Question 16

A coastal zone whose landforms have been exposed due to tectonic uplift or a fall in sea level is referred to as a (an)___________.

Accepted Answer

An emergent coast is a coastal zone whose landforms have been exposed due to tectonic uplift or a fall in sea level.

Question 17

Wave backwash flows _______________________.

Accepted Answer

Wave backwash flows at right angles to the shoreline, as the water that has been pushed up the shore by incoming waves returns directly back towards the sea, perpendicular to the coast.

Question 18

Which of the following types of surface would not be prone to wind erosion?

Accepted Answer

Moist clay-rich soils are not prone to wind erosion because the moisture content allows the soil particles to stick together, forming aggregates that resist movement by wind. The other options (A, B, D, and E) are prone to wind erosion.

Question 19

From which of the following landforms does a marine terrace develop from?

Accepted Answer

A marine terrace is formed when an abrasion platform is uplifted due to geologic forces, such as tectonic movements. As the platform rises, it becomes a terrace above the current sea level, hence the name marine terrace. The other options, such as a stack or coral reef, do not typically develop into marine terraces.

Question 20

The vertical difference between high and low tide is referred to as the ____________.

Accepted Answer

The vertical difference between high and low tide is referred to as tidal range. Choices A, C, D, and E are not correct because they are either referring to a specific point or instrument used to measure tides or are not describing the vertical difference between high and low tide.

Quiz 16: Landforms Made by Waves and Wind