Question 1

Which of the following is a mechanistic explanation of a physiological phenomenon?
A)You breathe to obtain oxygen.
B)You sweat to cool off.
C)Your stomach secretes digestive juices when stimulated by the nervous system.
D)Your heart beats to pump blood.
E)Your kidneys produce urine so that cellular wastes do not poison your body.

Accepted Answer

The statement describes a physiological process (secretion of digestive juices by the stomach), and explains the mechanism behind it (stimulation by the nervous system).

Question 2

The respiratory system
A)obtains O₂ from and eliminates CO₂ to the internal environment
B)includes the heart and lungs
C)helps regulate the pH of the internal environment by removing acid-forming CO₂ from the blood
D)performs all of the functions listed above
E)obtains O₂ from and eliminates CO₂ to the internal environment and helps regulate the pH of the internal environment by removing acid-forming CO₂ from the blood

Accepted Answer

The respiratory system helps regulate pH by removing CO₂, which is acid-forming, from the blood. It does not include the heart, and it interacts with the external environment, not the internal.

Question 3

Select the incorrect statement about connective tissue.
A)Bone is an example.
B)Blood is an example.
C)Elastin may be found in the extracellular material.
D)It has tightly-packed cells.
E)It is a primary tissue type.

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue does not have tightly-packed cells, rather it has widely spaced cells with a large amount of extracellular matrix.

Question 4

Evaporation of sweat cooling the body is an example of
A)negative feedback
B)positive feedback
C)a feedforward mechanism
D)an intrinsic (local) control mechanism
E)autoregulation

Accepted Answer

Evaporation of sweat cooling the body is an example of negative feedback because it works to counteract a change (an increase in body temperature) and bring the body back to its set point. As the body temperature rises, the sweat glands produce more sweat, which evaporates off the skin surface, carrying heat away from the body and reducing its temperature. As the body temperature returns to its set point, the production of sweat decreases, bringing the feedback loop to an end.

Question 5

Nutrients and oxygen are distributed through the body mainly by the ____ system.
A)circulatory
B)digestive
C)endocrine
D)integumentary
E)skeletal

Accepted Answer

The circulatory system, which includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood, is responsible for distributing nutrients and oxygen throughout the body.

Question 6

The influence of oxytocin on the uterus during childbirth and the subsequent effect of uterine stretch on the release of oxytocin is an example of
A)negative feedback
B)positive feedback
C)extrinsic control
D)negative feedback and extrinsic control
E)none of these

Accepted Answer

The influence of oxytocin on the uterus during childbirth and the subsequent effect of uterine stretch on the release of oxytocin is an example of positive feedback. Oxytocin stimulates the contraction of the uterus, which in turn stretches the uterus and causes the release of more oxytocin, thereby amplifying the contractions and leading to childbirth. This process continues until the baby is born, after which the positive feedback loop is terminated.

Question 7

Which sequence represents a correct hierarchy of biological organization in a human, from smaller to larger?
A)chemical, organ, tissue, system, organism
B)cell, tissue, organ, system, organism
C)tissue, cell, system, organism, organ
D)organ, tissue, cell, organism, system
E)system, cell, organ, organism, tissue

Accepted Answer

This is the correct hierarchy of biological organization in a human, from smaller to larger: cell, tissue, organ, system, organism.

Question 8

Which of the following is least related to connective tissue?
A)gland
B)bone
C)blood
D)tendon
E)elastin

Accepted Answer

Glands are epithelial tissue, whereas the other options are types of connective tissue.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about negative feedback is incorrect?
A)It exists when a change in a regulated variable triggers a response that opposes the change.
B)It exists when the input to a system increases the output and the output inhibits the input.
C)The control system's input and output continue to enhance each other.
D)It is the method by which most of the body's control mechanisms operate.
E)It helps maintain the body's dynamic, steady state.

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback involves a response that opposes a change in the regulated variable, so statement C, which suggests that the input and output continue to enhance each other, is incorrect. Statements A, B, D, and E are all true.

Question 10

Sweat glands consist of specialized ______ cells.
A)connective
B)endocrine
C)epithelial
D)muscle
E)nervous

Accepted Answer

Sweat glands are formed from specialized epithelial cells that are responsible for producing sweat. These cells are located within the dermis and are connected to the surface of the skin through ducts.

Question 11

Identify the characteristics associated with endocrine glands.
A)lack ducts
B)secrete chemicals directly into the blood
C)derived from epithelial tissue
D)include the parathyroids
E)all of these

Accepted Answer

All of these characteristics are associated with endocrine glands. They are ductless and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. They are derived from epithelial tissue and include the parathyroids, along with other glands such as the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, and adrenal glands.

Question 12

Which of the following body systems is not directed entirely toward maintaining homeostasis?
A)reproductive system
B)endocrine system
C)nervous system
D)muscular system
E)integumentary system

Accepted Answer

The reproductive system is primarily focused on reproduction and passing on genetic material rather than maintaining homeostasis. While it does play a role in hormonal regulation and can affect other systems in the body, its primary function is not homeostasis.

Question 13

The internal environment
A)is not in direct contact with the body's cells
B)consists of the intracellular fluid
C)must be maintained at absolutely unchanging composition, temperature, and volume for survival of the body
D)is in direct contact with the body's cells and consists of the extracellular fluid
E)consists of the intracellular fluid and must be maintained at absolutely unchanging composition, temperature, and volume for survival of the body

Accepted Answer

The internal environment is in direct contact with the body's cells and consists of the extracellular fluid. While the internal environment needs to be regulated to maintain homeostasis, it doesn't need to be maintained at an absolutely unchanging composition, temperature, and volume for survival of the body.

Question 14

Extracellular fluid
A)is the internal environment of the body
B)is outside the cells but inside the body
C)consists of the plasma and interstitial fluid
D)exhibits a dynamic steady state in regard to composition, temperature, and volume
E)is described by all of the above statements

Accepted Answer

Extracellular fluid is the internal environment of the body that is outside the cells but inside the body. It consists of the plasma and interstitial fluid and exhibits a dynamic steady state in regard to composition, temperature, and volume. Therefore, all the above statements are valid for extracellular fluid.

Question 15

Select the incorrect association.
A)anatomy/heart structure
B)human body/multicellularity
C)oxygen/cellular waste
D)physiology/stomach function
E)unicellularity/amoeba

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is not a cellular waste product; it is essential for cellular respiration, while carbon dioxide is a waste product.

Question 16

Calcium is stored mainly in the ____ system.
A)digestive
B)endocrine
C)integumentary
D)muscular
E)skeletal

Accepted Answer

Calcium is primarily stored in the skeletal system in the form of hydroxyapatite crystals, which provide strength and structure to bones and teeth.

Question 17

The two major regulatory systems in the body are
A)nervous and respiratory
B)nervous and endocrine
C)endocrine and respiratory
D)endocrine and lymphatic
E)circulatory and endocrine

Accepted Answer

The nervous and endocrine systems are the two major regulatory systems in the body. The nervous system regulates body functions through nerve impulses, while the endocrine system regulates body functions through hormones. Together, these two systems help maintain homeostasis in the body.

Question 18

Which of the following is not an example of negative feedback?
A)A low grade on an exam causes a student to study harder for the next exam.
B)A small stone rolls down a hill and starts an avalanche.
C)A person goes to eat in the cafeteria when he/she gets hungry.
D)You change a flat tire so you can continue on a journey in your car.
E)A person's body shivers after the person falls into a cold river.

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback is a process by which a system responds to a change by returning to its original state or reducing the impact of the change. Option B does not demonstrate negative feedback, as the small stone rolling down a hill and starting an avalanche does not lead to a return to the original state or reduction of the impact of the change. Instead, it represents a positive feedback loop where a small change leads to a larger response, further increasing the change.

Question 19

Food in your stomach is in direct contact with ______ tissue.
A)connective
B)epithelial
C)glandular
D)muscle
E)nervous

Accepted Answer

The food in your stomach is in direct contact with the epithelial tissue lining the stomach. This tissue forms a protective barrier between the stomach contents and the underlying tissues.

Question 20

Which of the following does a person not maintain through homeostasis?
A)Concentration of nutrients in the blood
B)Concentration of oxygen around the body
C)Blood pressure
D)Temperature of the brain
E)Posture while sitting in a chair

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following does a person...

Quiz 1: Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Which of the following is a mechanistic explanation of a physiological phenomenon?

The respiratory system

Select the incorrect statement about connective tissue.

Evaporation of sweat cooling the body is an example of

Nutrients and oxygen are distributed through the body mainly by the ____ system.

The influence of oxytocin on the uterus during childbirth and the subsequent effect of uterine stretch on the release of oxytocin is an example of

Which sequence represents a correct hierarchy of biological organization in a human, from smaller to larger?

Which of the following is least related to connective tissue?

Which of the following statements about negative feedback is incorrect?

Sweat glands consist of specialized ______ cells.

Identify the characteristics associated with endocrine glands.

Which of the following body systems is not directed entirely toward maintaining homeostasis?

The internal environment

Extracellular fluid

Select the incorrect association.

Calcium is stored mainly in the ____ system.

The two major regulatory systems in the body are

Which of the following is not an example of negative feedback?

Food in your stomach is in direct contact with ______ tissue.

Which of the following does a person not maintain through homeostasis?