Question 1

Postganglionic fibers that innervate targets in the body wall or thoracic cavity originate on neurons within

Accepted Answer

Postganglionic fibers that innervate targets in the body wall or thoracic cavity originate on neurons within the sympathetic chain ganglia.

Question 2

Collateral ganglia contain neurons that innervate tissues and organs in which cavity?

Accepted Answer

Collateral ganglia are located outside the spinal cord and innervate organs in the abdominopelvic cavity. Therefore, choice C (abdominopelvic) is the correct answer. Choices A (thoracic), B (lumbar), D (craniosacral), and E (both lumbar and abdominopelvic) are incorrect because they either do not correspond to the location of collateral ganglia or are too broad to be a specific answer.

Question 3

Ganglionic neurons usually synapse with preganglionic neurons in the ________ and have axons that innervate ________.

Accepted Answer

Ganglionic neurons synapse with preganglionic neurons in the autonomic ganglia and have axons that innervate visceral effectors.

Question 4

The statement "there is always a synapse in a peripheral ganglion between the CNS and the effector organ" is

Accepted Answer

Both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems have a synapse in a peripheral ganglion between the CNS and the effector organ. The somatic nervous system, however, does not have a synapse in a peripheral ganglion, as the motor neurons directly innervate the effector organ.

Question 5

Autonomic motor neurons

Accepted Answer

Autonomic motor neurons conduct impulses to smooth and cardiac muscles and glands, causing general excitation or relaxation depending on whether they are part of the sympathetic or parasympathetic division. They do not conduct impulses from sensory receptors or to skeletal muscles.

Question 6

Splanchnic nerves

Accepted Answer

Splanchnic nerves consist of axons that synapse in collateral ganglia.

Question 7

Injury to the neurons of a collateral ganglion would affect the function of the

Accepted Answer

Collateral ganglia are part of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary functions such as digestion. Damage to neurons in a collateral ganglion would affect the function of the digestive tract.

Question 8

The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is known as the "rest and digest" division.

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for controlling the body's "rest and digest" functions such as digestion, urination, and defecation. It helps to conserve energy and maintain homeostasis in the body.

Question 9

Ganglionic neurons innervate such things as

Accepted Answer

Ganglionic neurons are part of the autonomic nervous system and they innervate all of the structures listed - smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, adipose tissue, and glands.

Question 10

A visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the CNS is called a(n) ________ neuron.

Accepted Answer

Preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies within the CNS and project axons to autonomic ganglia, where they synapse with postganglionic neurons. Upper motor neurons also have their cell bodies within the CNS, but they project axons to lower motor neurons in the spinal cord or brainstem. Lower motor neurons have their cell bodies outside of the CNS, in the spinal cord or brainstem, and directly innervate skeletal muscle fibers. Postganglionic neurons have their cell bodies outside of the CNS and project axons to target tissues, such as smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glands. Somatomotor neurons innervate skeletal muscle, but this term is not usually used to describe visceral motor neurons.

Question 11

Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons lying along either side of the spinal cord are called sympathetic ________ ganglia.

Accepted Answer

The clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons lying along either side of the spinal cord are called sympathetic chain ganglia.

Question 12

Specialized ganglionic sympathetic neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream are found within the

Accepted Answer

Specialized ganglionic sympathetic neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream are found within the adrenal glands. These neurons are called chromaffin cells and they release epinephrine and norepinephrine directly into the bloodstream in response to stress or other stimuli.

Question 13

The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic division is also known as the thoracolumbar division because it arises from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord. Option A, somatic division, refers to the part of the nervous system that is under voluntary control, whereas the sympathetic division is involuntary. Option B, craniosacral division, refers to the parasympathetic division of the ANS, which arises from the cranial and sacral regions of the spinal cord. Option C, resting division, is not a recognized term for the sympathetic division of the ANS. Option E, both somatic division and craniosacral division, is incorrect because the somatic division and craniosacral division are separate branches of the nervous system, while the sympathetic division is a different branch altogether.

Question 14

Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on

Accepted Answer

Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and synapse on ganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglia outside the CNS. From there, postganglionic fibers extend to target organs to complete the reflex arc.

Question 15

Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the

Accepted Answer

Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the lateral gray horns of segments T₁ to L₂ of the spinal cord.

Question 16

Craniosacral division is another name for the

Accepted Answer

Craniosacral division is another name for the parasympathetic division of the ANS. This division originates from the cranial nerves and the sacral region of the spinal cord and is responsible for rest and digest functions.

Question 17

The statement "its ganglia are usually near or within the end organ" is

Accepted Answer

In the parasympathetic nervous system, ganglia are typically located near or within the target organs, allowing for localized control.

Question 18

Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate organs in the abdominopelvic region are called ________ ganglia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate...

Question 19

The statement "it initiates contraction of urinary bladder smooth muscle" is

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for initiating the contraction of the urinary bladder smooth muscle to facilitate urination.

Question 20

Preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located in

Accepted Answer

Preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located in both the brain stem and the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord. The brain stem houses preganglionic neurons of the cranial nerves, while the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord house preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. The posterior gray horns of the spinal cord house sensory neurons, and the anterior gray horns of the spinal cord house motor neurons.

Quiz 14: The Autonomic Nervous System