Question 1

Which statements are true regarding the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

During SSRI medication, therapeutic effects may not be seen for 4 to 6 weeks. To prevent the potentially fatal pharmacodynamic interactions that can occur between the SSRIs and the MAOIs, a 2- to 5-week washout period is recommended between uses of these two classes of medications. The other options apply to other classes of psychotherapeutic drugs, not SSRIs.

Question 2

A patient has been admitted to the emergency department with a suspected overdose of a tricyclic antidepressant. The nurse will prepare for what immediate concern?

Accepted Answer

Tricyclic antidepressant overdoses are notoriously lethal. The primary organ systems affected are the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system, and death usually results from either seizures or dysrhythmias.

Question 3

A patient has been taking the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) phenelzine (Nardil) for 6 months. The patient wants to go to a party and asks the nurse, "Will just one beer be a problem?" Which advice from the nurse is correct?

Accepted Answer

Foods containing tyramine, such as beer and aged cheeses, should be avoided while a patient is taking an MAOI. Drinking beer while taking an MAOI may precipitate a dangerous hypertensive crisis. The other options are incorrect.

Question 4

When a patient is receiving a second-generation antipsychotic drug, such as risperidone (Risperdal), the nurse will monitor for which therapeutic effect?

Accepted Answer

The therapeutic effects of the antipsychotic drugs include improvement in mood and affect, and alleviation or decrease in psychotic symptoms (decrease in hallucinations, paranoia, delusions, garbled speech). Tardive dyskinesia is a potential adverse effect of these drugs. The other options are incorrect.

Question 5

The wife of a patient who has been diagnosed with depression calls the office and says, "It's been an entire week since he started that new medicine for his depression, and there's no change! What's wrong with him?" What is the nurse's best response?

Accepted Answer

Patients and family members need to be told that antidepressant drugs commonly require several weeks before full therapeutic effects are noted. The other Answerwers are incorrect.

Question 6

A patient who has been taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) is complaining of "feeling so badly" when he started taking an over-the-counter St. John's wort herbal product at home. The nurse suspects that he is experiencing serotonin syndrome. Which of these are symptoms of serotonin syndrome? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Common symptoms of serotonin syndrome include delirium, agitation, tachycardia, sweating, hyperreflexia, shivering, coarse tremors, and others. See Box 16-1 for a full list of symptoms.

Question 7

A patient wants to take a ginseng dietary supplement. The nurse instructs the patient to look for which potential adverse effect?

Accepted Answer

Elevated blood pressure, chest pain or palpitations, anxiety, insomnia, headache, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are potential adverse effects of ginseng. Drowsiness, difficulty with urination, and constipation are not potential adverse effects of ginseng.

Question 8

The nurse reads in the patient's medication history that the patient is taking buspirone (BuSpar). The nurse interprets that the patient may have which disorder?

Accepted Answer

Buspirone is indicated for the treatment of anxiety disorders, not depression, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder.

Question 9

Before beginning a patient's therapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, the nurse will assess for concurrent use of which medications or medication class?

Accepted Answer

Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants with warfarin results in an increased anticoagulant effect. SSRI antidepressants do not interact with the other drugs or drug classes listed.

Question 10

A patient with the diagnosis of schizophrenia is hospitalized and is taking a phenothiazine drug. Which statement by this patient indicates that he is experiencing a common adverse effect of phenothiazines?

Accepted Answer

Phenothiazines produce anticholinergic-like adverse effects of dry mouth, urinary hesitancy, and constipation.

Question 11

An agitated patient is to receive an intravenous dose of diazepam (Valium). The order reads, "Give diazepam, 2 mg, IV push, now. Repeat in 15 minutes if needed." How many milliliters will the nurse administer for this dose? The medication vial contains 5 mg/mL.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An agitated patient is to receive an...

Question 12

A 22-year-old patient has been taking lithium for 1 year, and the most recent lithium level is 0.9 mEq/L. Which statement about the laboratory result is correct?

Accepted Answer

Desirable long-term maintenance lithium levels range between 0.6 and 1.2 mEq/L. The other responses are incorrect.

Question 13

The nurse is reviewing medications used for depression. Which of these statements is a reason that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are more widely prescribed today than tricyclic antidepressants?

Accepted Answer

Death from overdose of tricyclic antidepressants usually results from either seizures or dysrhythmias. SSRIs are associated with significantly fewer and less severe systemic adverse effects, especially anticholinergic and cardiovascular adverse effects. The other options are incorrect.

Question 14

The nurse is reviewing the food choices of a patient who is taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). Which food choice would indicate the need for additional teaching?

Accepted Answer

Aged cheeses, such a Swiss or cheddar cheese, and salami contain tyramine. Patients who are taking MAOIs need to avoid tyramine-containing foods because of a severe hypertensive reaction that may occur. Orange juice, eggs, biscuits, and honey do not contain tyramine.

Question 15

While monitoring a depressed patient who has just started SSRI antidepressant therapy, the nurse will observe for which problem during the early time frame of this therapy?

Accepted Answer

In 2005, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued special black-box warnings regarding the use of all classes of antidepressants in both adult and pediatric patient populations. Data from the FDA indicated a higher risk for suicide in patients receiving these medications. As a result, current recommendations for all patients receiving antidepressants include regular monitoring for signs of worsening depressive symptoms, especially when the medication is started or the dosage is changed. The other options are incorrect.

Question 16

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) is prescribed for a patient, and the nurse provides instructions to the patient about the medication. The nurse includes which information?

Accepted Answer

Sun exposure and tanning booths need to be avoided with conventional antipsychotics because of the adverse effect of photosensitivity. Instruct the patient to apply sunscreen liberally and to wear sun-protective clothing and hats.

Question 17

A patient has been taking haloperidol (Haldol) for 3 months for a psychotic disorder, and the nurse is concerned about the development of extrapyramidal symptoms. The nurse will monitor the patient closely for which effects?

Accepted Answer

Extrapyramidal symptoms are manifested by tremors and muscle twitching, and the incidence of such symptoms is high during haloperidol therapy. The other options are incorrect.

Question 18

A patient has been taking the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) sertraline (Zoloft) for about 6 months. At a recent visit, she tells the nurse that she has been interested in herbal therapies and wants to start taking St. John's wort. Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

Accepted Answer

The herbal product St. John's wort must not be used with SSRIs. Potential interactions include confusion, agitation, muscle spasms, twitching, and tremors. The other responses by the nurse are inappropriate.

Quiz 16: Psychotherapeutic Drugs

Which statements are true regarding the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ? (Select all that apply.)