Question 1

The following two factors were the most important geographical phenomena introduced by world empires:
A) urbanization and colonization.
B) urbanization and religion.
C) religion and colonization.
D) inter-regional trade and religion.
E) technological innovations and religion.

Accepted Answer

Urbanization and colonization are the most important geographical phenomena introduced by world empires. Urbanization refers to the process where cities grow as people move from rural to urban areas, often driven by the opportunities created by empires for trade, administration, and military purposes. Colonization involves the establishment of control over foreign lands and peoples, leading to significant geographical and demographic changes, including the spread of culture, economic systems, and political structures.

Question 2

While people and societies do,indeed,respond to the opportunities and constraints of their physical environments,________ takes this to a simplistic,and often racist,extreme by claiming that people's physical,social and economic development and behaviour are fundamentally the result of their physical environments.
A) ecological determinism
B) ethnocentrism
C) egocentrism
D) masculinism
E) environmental determinism

Accepted Answer

The statement is referring to the concept of environmental determinism, which posits that environment is the sole or primary determinant of human culture and behavior. This view has been criticized for oversimplifying complex social phenomena and for being used to promote racist and colonialist attitudes.

Question 3

Faced with problems associated with law of diminishing returns,world empires characteristically ________ in order to feed and provide for their populations.
A) colonized nearby lands
B) imported slave labour
C) regularly invented new technologies
D) promoted import substitution
E) established trade relations with countries having comparative advantages

Accepted Answer

When faced with the problems associated with the law of diminishing returns, world empires typically colonized nearby lands in order to expand their resources and territories. This allowed them to provide for their growing populations and counteract the negative effects of diminishing returns.

Question 4

Until the Industrial Revolution of the late 1700s,the volume and velocity of world trade were constrained by technologies limited to those based on
A) wood, wind and water.
B) coal, steel and rail.
C) oil, plastics and roads.
D) human labour and animal power.

Accepted Answer

Before the Industrial Revolution, trade relied on technologies like wooden ships powered by wind and water, which limited the speed and volume of trade.

Question 5

The specialization of peripheral countries in raw materials and foodstuffs,the decentralization of manufacturing to areas of low labor costs,and the emphasis of core regions on high-tech manufacturing and services describe
A) the digital divide.
B) the international division of labour.
C) comparative advantage.
D) import substitution.
E) initial advantage.

Accepted Answer

The description given in the question refers to the concept of international division of labor. This refers to the specialization of certain regions or countries in certain types of production based on factors such as resources, labor costs, and technology. Peripheral countries specialize in producing raw materials and foodstuffs, while manufacturing is decentralized to areas with low labor costs. Core regions focus on high-tech manufacturing and services.

Question 6

World-empires introduced ________ to enlarge their resource base in the face of rising populations.
A) colonization
B) the law of diminishing returns
C) urbanization
D) import substitution
E) minisystems

Accepted Answer

Colonization allowed world-empires to expand their territories and resources beyond their own borders. This was a common strategy used by European powers during the Age of Exploration in the 16th and 17th centuries.

Question 7

Plantations established to exploit labour and resources in the periphery are geared toward
A) high-value crops like indigo, sugar, and cocoa.
B) mixed fruits and vegetables like tomatoes and apples.
C) staple crops like corn and potatoes.
D) industrial crops like hemp, flax, and sunflowers.
E) tree-harvesting.

Accepted Answer

Plantations established in the periphery are typically designed to exploit resources and labour for the benefit of the core. These plantations usually focus on high-value cash crops like indigo, sugar, and cocoa that can be sold for a profit in the core markets. These crops require significant amounts of labour to grow and harvest, making them ideal for plantations that rely on coerced or low-paid labour.

Question 8

The interdependent "three Es" of sustainable development include
A) entrepreneurialism, environment, and economy.
B) environment, economy, and equity.
C) economy, entrepreneurialism, and equity.
D) equity, ease of access, and environment.
E) ethics, ease of access, and environment.

Accepted Answer

The "three Es" of sustainable development refer to environment, economy, and equity. These three components are interdependent and must be considered together in order to achieve sustainable development. The environment must be protected in order to ensure long-term resource availability and a healthy planet. The economy must be developed in a way that is environmentally sustainable and also provides for the needs of society. Equity involves ensuring that the benefits and costs of development are equitably distributed among all members of society, including the present and future generations.

Question 9

To help understand and visualize the extent and intensity of the human impact on the earth,some scientists use the concept of the human (or ecological)
A) analysis.
B) convergence.
C) footprint.
D) region.
E) settlement.

Accepted Answer

The concept of the human footprint refers to the measure of the impact that human activities have on the environment, taking into account factors such as resource consumption, pollution emissions, and land use. It helps to quantify the extent to which human actions have altered and degraded natural ecosystems, and can be used to inform conservation strategies and sustainable development initiatives.

Question 10

The first agricultural revolution set the preconditions for early world empires by
A) enabling an increase in population densities & trade between minisystems.
B) introducing warfare to the countryside.
C) introducing colonialism and imperialism.
D) highlighting the benefits of import substitution and comparative advantage.
E) introducing technological innovations.

Accepted Answer

The first agricultural revolution led to an increase in food production and allowed for the development of larger, more complex societies. This increase in food production also allowed for population growth and the ability to support specialized labor, trade, and more complex economic and political systems.

Question 11

The concept of import substitution is best characterized as
A) purchasing imported goods to replace locally produced goods.
B) manufacturing goods that had previously been imported or available through trading.
C) exporting and importing the same type of product.
D) changing suppliers of imported goods.

Accepted Answer

Import substitution refers to a strategy in which a country attempts to reduce its dependence on imported goods by producing those goods domestically instead. This is done by setting up domestic industries and manufacturing goods that were previously imported. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer.

Question 12

Production of sugar from sugar beets,as an alternative to trading for sugar made from sugar cane in a foreign,tropical country is an example of
A) import substitution.
B) comparative advantage.
C) spatial justice.
D) division of labour.
E) the law of diminishing returns.

Accepted Answer

Import substitution involves producing goods domestically instead of importing them from other countries. In this case, producing sugar from sugar beets domestically is a form of import substitution as it is an alternative to trading for sugar made from sugar cane in a foreign, tropical country.

Question 13

World empires are organized around a
A) reciprocal social economy.
B) subsistence production economy.
C) system of taxation and redistribution.
D) capitalist social economy.
E) system of anarchy.

Accepted Answer

World empires are typically organized around a system of taxation and redistribution, where the ruling power collects taxes from its subjects and redistributes them in various ways (such as through public works projects or welfare programs) to maintain their loyalty and support. This system allows the empire to maintain control over a large and diverse population and also to fund its military and administrative apparatus.

Question 14

According to the text,________ is likely to be one of the first countries to which a virus such as avian flu may spread because of its transnational connections.
A) Canada
B) Sub-Saharan Africa
C) Southeast Asia
D) the Caribbean
E) Europe

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text,________ is likely to...

Question 15

The sphere of economic influence around a city - from which products for export and taxes are collected and to which imports are distributed - is known as the city's
A) external arena.
B) hinterland.
C) hearth area.
D) peripheral region.
E) zone of transition.

Accepted Answer

The hinterland refers to the surrounding area that is influenced by a city in terms of economic activity. This includes the area from which products for export are collected, taxes are paid, and to which imports are distributed. Option A (external arena) is not a commonly used term in geography, option C (hearth area) refers to the place where a culture or civilization originated, option D (peripheral region) is too broad and does not specifically refer to the economic influence of a city, and option E (zone of transition) refers to an area of gradual change between one region or land use type and another.

Question 16

Over the last 200 hundred years,clusters of improved technological innovations seem to have come in waves of industrialization every half-century or so.With each successive wave,the world-system
A) core expanded.
B) periphery expanded.
C) core and periphery remained unchanged.
D) core and periphery both expanded.
E) core and periphery both shrank.

Accepted Answer

With each wave of industrialization, the core regions, which are the economically dominant areas, expanded as they adopted and benefited from new technologies, increasing their influence and economic power.

Question 17

The increasing connectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic,environmental,political,and cultural change is what we mean by
A) world regions.
B) globalization.
C) spatial diffusion.
D) distance-decay.
E) time-space convergence.

Accepted Answer

Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental, political, and cultural change. It is a phenomenon that has been accelerating in recent decades and has had significant impacts on the way people live, work, and interact with each other.

Question 18

According to the course text,globalization of the last 25 years is linked to
A) the new international division of labour and internationalization of finance.
B) the end of neocolonialism.
C) the emergence of new technology systems and the fall of Europe.
D) the end of neocolonialism and the rise of the West.
E) a decrease in the homogenization of consumer markets.

Accepted Answer

The course text states that the globalization of the last 25 years is linked to the new international division of labour and internationalization of finance. This is mentioned in the context of the emergence of multinational corporations and the increasing interdependence of national economies.

Question 19

According to the text,the leading cause of death in Africa is
A) war.
B) HIV/AIDS.
C) famine.
D) malaria.
E) ebola.

Accepted Answer

HIV/AIDS has historically been one of the leading causes of death in Africa, significantly impacting the continent's population.

Question 20

The hegemonic power of the nineteenth century was
A) the United States of America.
B) France.
C) Britain.
D) Russia.
E) India.

Accepted Answer

Britain was the dominant world power during the nineteenth century, with an empire that spanned across the globe and a strong navy that allowed them to exert their influence over other nations. Their industrial revolution also played a significant role in their rise to world power status.

Quiz 2: The Changing Global Context

The following two factors were the most important geographical phenomena introduced by world empires:

Faced with problems associated with law of diminishing returns,world empires characteristically ________ in order to feed and provide for their populations.

Until the Industrial Revolution of the late 1700s,the volume and velocity of world trade were constrained by technologies limited to those based on

The specialization of peripheral countries in raw materials and foodstuffs,the decentralization of manufacturing to areas of low labor costs,and the emphasis of core regions on high-tech manufacturing and services describe

World-empires introduced ________ to enlarge their resource base in the face of rising populations.

Plantations established to exploit labour and resources in the periphery are geared toward

The interdependent "three Es" of sustainable development include

To help understand and visualize the extent and intensity of the human impact on the earth,some scientists use the concept of the human (or ecological)

The first agricultural revolution set the preconditions for early world empires by

The concept of import substitution is best characterized as

Production of sugar from sugar beets,as an alternative to trading for sugar made from sugar cane in a foreign,tropical country is an example of

World empires are organized around a

According to the text,________ is likely to be one of the first countries to which a virus such as avian flu may spread because of its transnational connections.

The sphere of economic influence around a city - from which products for export and taxes are collected and to which imports are distributed - is known as the city's

Over the last 200 hundred years,clusters of improved technological innovations seem to have come in waves of industrialization every half-century or so.With each successive wave,the world-system

The increasing connectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic,environmental,political,and cultural change is what we mean by

According to the course text,globalization of the last 25 years is linked to

According to the text,the leading cause of death in Africa is

The hegemonic power of the nineteenth century was