Question 1

__________ is defined as "the calculated, unlawful use of physical force or threats of violence against persons or property in order to intimidate or coerce a government, organization, or individual for the purpose of gaining some political, religious, economic, or social objective."​
A) ​Socialism
B) ​Terrorism
C) ​Totalitarianism
D) ​Imperialism

Accepted Answer

Terrorism is the calculated, unlawful use of physical force or threats of violence against persons or property in order to intimidate or coerce a government, organization, or individual for the purpose of gaining some political, religious, economic, or social objective. Socialism, totalitarianism, and imperialism are political ideologies or systems that do not necessarily involve the use of violence or coercion.

Question 2

__________ seeks to reduce criminal activity by instilling a fear of punishment in the general public.
A) ​Retribution
B) ​Incapacitation
C) ​Rehabilitation
D) Deterrence

Accepted Answer

Deterrence seeks to prevent criminal activity by instilling a fear of punishment in the general public. This can be achieved through both specific deterrence (deterrence of an individual offender) and general deterrence (deterrence of potential offenders in the general population). Retribution is a punishment philosophy that seeks to punish offenders based on the severity of their crime, regardless of any potential deterrent effect. Incapacitation seeks to reduce criminal activity by physically removing offenders from society, through imprisonment or other means. Rehabilitation seeks to reduce criminal activity by addressing the underlying causes of criminal behavior and helping offenders to reintegrate into society.

Question 3

According to the National Crime Victims Survey, which of these groups had the lowest rates of violent and property crime victimization?​
A) ​Asian/Pacific Islanders
B) ​Native Americans
C) ​African Americans
D) ​white European Americans

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the National Crime Victims Survey,...

Question 4

Organized crime thrives primarily because________________________.
A) ​people are essentially dishonest, even on the job
B) ​there is a high level of political corruption in the United States
C) ​there is a great demand for illegal goods and services
D) ​people without other job skills need to make a living

Accepted Answer

Organized crime relies on the demand for illegal goods and services such as drugs, sex trafficking, and black market goods. Without this demand, organized crime would not have a significant source of income. While political corruption and poverty may contribute to the growth of organized crime, the demand for illegal activities remains the primary factor.

Question 5

Discuss the functions of deviance according to sociologist Emile Durkheim.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the functions of deviance according to...

Question 6

Explain the sociological definition of deviance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the sociological definition of deviance....

Question 7

__________ is based on the assumption that offenders who are detained in prison or are executed will be unable to commit additional crimes.
A) ​Retribution
B) ​Incapacitation
C) ​Rehabilitation
D) ​Deterrence

Accepted Answer

Incapacitation is based on the belief that removing offenders from society will prevent them from committing additional crimes. This can be achieved through imprisonment or execution, which physically prevents the offender from committing any further crime for the duration of their sentence or permanently if they are executed. Retribution is based on the idea of punishment for wrongdoing, rehabilitation focuses on reforming offenders, and deterrence aims to prevent potential offenders from committing crimes through the threat of punishment.

Question 8

__________ is punishment that a person receives for infringing on the rights of others. It imposes a penalty on the offender and is based on the premise that the punishment should fit the crime.
A) ​Retribution
B) ​Incapacitation
C) ​Rehabilitation
D) ​Deterrence

Accepted Answer

Retribution is punishment that an offender receives for infringing on the rights of others. It is based on the principle of "an eye for an eye" and aims to impose a penalty that is proportionate to the severity of the crime committed. Retribution is considered a just punishment, as it holds offenders accountable for their actions and serves as a deterrent for future criminal behavior.

Question 9

Juveniles account for approximately __________ of arrests for violent crime?
A) ​1 percent
B) ​7 percent
C) ​12 percent
D) ​26 percent

Accepted Answer

Juveniles account for approximately 12 percent of arrests for violent crime, reflecting their involvement in such offenses relative to other age groups.

Question 10

Of all factors associated with crime, the age of the offender is one of the most significant. Arrest rates for violent crime and property crime are highest for people between the ages of __________.
A) ​13 and 25
B) ​26 and 35
C) ​36 and 45
D) ​46 and 55

Accepted Answer

According to research, arrest rates for violent crime and property crime are highest for people between the ages of 13 and 25. This is commonly referred to as the "youth crime peak," after which crime rates tend to decline as people age.

Question 11

__________ refers to the use of personal judgment by police officers, prosecutors, judges, and other criminal justice system officials regarding whether and how to proceed in a given situation.
A) ​Discretion
B) ​Optional processing
C) ​Reasonable suspicion
D) ​Probable cause

Accepted Answer

Discretion allows criminal justice officials to make decisions based on their knowledge, experience, and understanding of the circumstances at hand. It is often necessary to make discretionary decisions in order to uphold the principles of justice and fairness, and to balance competing interests such as public safety and individual rights.

Question 12

The text argues that __________ are better able to address the problem of juvenile offenders than are military-style boot camps.
A) ​punitive measures
B) ​structural solutions
C) ​correctional alternatives
D) ​restorative principles

Accepted Answer

The answer of The text argues that __________ are better...

Question 13

Criminologists use the term __________ to refer to the greater number of programs, services, facilities, and organizations responsible for the management of people accused or convicted of criminal offenses.
A) ​punishment
B) ​incarceration
C) ​corrections
D) ​penal systems

Accepted Answer

The term "corrections" is specifically used to refer to the management of people accused or convicted of criminal offenses. A, B, and D are either too narrow in scope (punishment) or refer specifically to one aspect within the larger concept of corrections (incarceration and penal systems).

Question 14

In 1972, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled (in Furman v. Georgia) that the death penalty __________.
A) ​is unconstitutional
B) ​is legal if imposed fairly and equally
C) ​is cruel and unusual punishment
D) ​may applied without limitations according to the laws of each state

Accepted Answer

The answer of In 1972, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled...

Question 15

The text uses the term __________ for the trafficking across nations' borders in drugs, weapons, and nuclear weapons.
A) ​international
B) ​corporate
C) ​transnational
D) ​cross-cultural

Accepted Answer

The term "transnational" refers to the crossing of national borders, which fits the context of trafficking drugs, weapons, and nuclear weapons. International, corporate, and cross-cultural may also be related terms, but they do not adequately capture the specific aspect of crossing borders that is central to the concept of trafficking.

Question 16

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) was developed by __________.
A) ​the Bureau of Justice Statistics
B) ​the Federal Bureau of Investigation
C) ​the National Security Council
D) ​the American Sociological Association

Accepted Answer

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) was developed by the Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Question 17

The term __________ refers to illegal or unethical acts involving the use of power by government officials, or illegal/unethical acts perpetrated against the government in efforts to usurp power.
A) ​occupational crime
B) ​political crime
C) ​index crime
D) ​corporate crime

Accepted Answer

Political crime refers to illegal or unethical acts involving the use of power by government officials or illegal/unethical acts perpetrated against the government in efforts to usurp power. Occupational crime refers to illegal activities committed by individuals in the course of their employment, corporate crime refers to illegal actions taken by corporations or companies, and index crime refers to serious criminal offenses that are reported to law enforcement agencies and included in the Uniform Crime Report.

Question 18

__________ seeks to return offenders to the community as law-abiding citizens by providing therapy or vocational or educational training. Offenders are treated, not punished, so that they will not continue their criminal activity.
A) ​Retribution
B) ​Incapacitation
C) ​Rehabilitation
D) ​Deterrence

Accepted Answer

The description given aligns with the concept of rehabilitation. The aim of rehabilitation is to help offenders reintegrate into society by providing them with necessary skills and addressing the underlying issues that led to their criminal behavior, in order to prevent future offending.

Question 19

The United States has 5 percent of the world's population and accounts for __________ of the world's prison population.
A) ​2 percent
B) ​5 percent
C) ​15 percent
D) ​25 percent

Accepted Answer

The United States accounts for 25 percent of the world's prison population despite only having 5 percent of the world's population. This means that the US has a disproportionately high rate of incarceration compared to other countries.

Question 20

People in which of these racial/ethnic groups have been the most overrepresented in official crime statistics?
A) ​Asian/Pacific Islanders
B) ​Native Americans
C) ​African Americans
D) ​white European Americans

Accepted Answer

African Americans have been consistently overrepresented in official crime statistics in the United States. This is often attributed to various social and economic factors, including discrimination, poverty, and lack of opportunities. It is important to note, however, that official crime statistics may not necessarily reflect the true extent of criminal activity in any given group or population, as they are influenced by a variety of complex factors, including reporting practices, law enforcement policies, and cultural attitudes towards crime and justice.

Quiz 6: Deviance and Crime

__________ is defined as "the calculated, unlawful use of physical force or threats of violence against persons or property in order to intimidate or coerce a government, organization, or individual for the purpose of gaining some political, religious, economic, or social objective."​

__________ seeks to reduce criminal activity by instilling a fear of punishment in the general public.

According to the National Crime Victims Survey, which of these groups had the lowest rates of violent and property crime victimization?​

Organized crime thrives primarily because________________________.

Discuss the functions of deviance according to sociologist Emile Durkheim.

Explain the sociological definition of deviance.

__________ is based on the assumption that offenders who are detained in prison or are executed will be unable to commit additional crimes.

__________ is punishment that a person receives for infringing on the rights of others. It imposes a penalty on the offender and is based on the premise that the punishment should fit the crime.

Juveniles account for approximately __________ of arrests for violent crime?

Of all factors associated with crime, the age of the offender is one of the most significant. Arrest rates for violent crime and property crime are highest for people between the ages of __________.

__________ refers to the use of personal judgment by police officers, prosecutors, judges, and other criminal justice system officials regarding whether and how to proceed in a given situation.

The text argues that __________ are better able to address the problem of juvenile offenders than are military-style boot camps.

Criminologists use the term __________ to refer to the greater number of programs, services, facilities, and organizations responsible for the management of people accused or convicted of criminal offenses.

In 1972, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled (in Furman v. Georgia) that the death penalty __________.

The text uses the term __________ for the trafficking across nations' borders in drugs, weapons, and nuclear weapons.

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) was developed by __________.

The term __________ refers to illegal or unethical acts involving the use of power by government officials, or illegal/unethical acts perpetrated against the government in efforts to usurp power.

__________ seeks to return offenders to the community as law-abiding citizens by providing therapy or vocational or educational training. Offenders are treated, not punished, so that they will not continue their criminal activity.

The United States has 5 percent of the world's population and accounts for __________ of the world's prison population.

People in which of these racial/ethnic groups have been the most overrepresented in official crime statistics?

__________ is defined as "the calculated, unlawful use of physical force or threats of violence against persons or property in order to intimidate or coerce a government, organization, or individual for the purpose of gaining some political, religious, economic, or social objective."

According to the National Crime Victims Survey, which of these groups had the lowest rates of violent and property crime victimization?