Question 1

A common role of B vitamins is that they ________.

Accepted Answer

B vitamins, specifically B1, B2, B3, B5, and B6, function as coenzymes in energy metabolism, helping to convert food into energy that can be used by the body.

Question 2

A(n)________ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.

Accepted Answer

Antioxidants are substances that protect vulnerable molecules from free radicals by neutralizing them before they can cause damage. Examples of antioxidants include vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and selenium.

Question 3

________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

Accepted Answer

Niacin is commonly added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process. This is done to replace some of the nutrients lost during the refining process.

Question 4

________ are water-soluble vitamins.

Accepted Answer

Pantothenic acid, vitamin C, and thiamin are all water-soluble vitamins, meaning they dissolve in water and are not stored in the body in significant amounts, requiring regular intake through diet.

Question 5

When cooking green beans,Lenny likes to add baking soda to the cooking water because it keeps the beans from turning olive green.As a result of this practice,Lenny's green beans have ________ than green beans cooked in plain water.

Accepted Answer

Adding baking soda to the cooking water reduces the acidity level and can cause a loss of vitamin C in the green beans. Therefore, Lenny's green beans likely have less vitamin C than green beans cooked in plain water. There is no evidence to suggest that adding baking soda affects the essential amino acid content, fatty acid content or kilocalorie content of the green beans.

Question 6

________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

Accepted Answer

Riboflavin is added to refined grain products, such as white flour, as part of the enrichment process, to replace some of the vitamins and minerals lost during the refining process. Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, helps the body produce energy and plays a role in maintaining healthy skin, eyes, and nervous system.

Question 7

________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

Accepted Answer

Thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is added to refined grain products like white flour, rice, and bread as part of the enrichment process. This is done to replace the nutrients that are lost during the refining process.

Question 8

Which of the following vitamins is important in protein metabolism as a component of PLP?

Accepted Answer

PLP (pyridoxal 5'-phosphate) is an active form of vitamin B-6 that plays a crucial role as a coenzyme in protein metabolism, including the breakdown and synthesis of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Therefore, vitamin B-6 is important for overall protein intake and metabolism.

Question 9

Which of the following vitamins is a component of coenzyme A?

Accepted Answer

Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A, which is involved in numerous reactions related to energy metabolism. Vitamin K is involved in blood clotting, riboflavin in energy metabolism, and ascorbic acid in antioxidant activity.

Question 10

________ cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in females in the United States.

Accepted Answer

According to the American Cancer Society, breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in females in the United States. While pancreatic, liver, and bladder cancers are all serious, they are not as prevalent as breast cancer in terms of causing cancer deaths in females.

Question 11

Which of the following cooking methods can result in significant losses of water-soluble vitamins?

Accepted Answer

Boiling in a saucepan of water can result in significant losses of water-soluble vitamins as they dissolve in the water and get discarded with it. Steaming, stir-frying, and microwaving in little or no water are better cooking methods that preserve the vitamin content of the food.

Question 12

Which of the following organs is the leading site for cancer deaths among men and women in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among both men and women in the United States. It accounts for almost 25% of all cancer deaths, more than breast, prostate, and colon cancers combined.

Question 13

Jamal wants to lower his risk of cancer.He should ________.

Accepted Answer

Drinking alcohol has been linked to an increased risk of various cancers, including liver, breast, and colon cancer. Therefore, avoiding or minimizing alcohol consumption can help lower the risk of cancer. Reducing fiber intake, avoiding coffee or drinking less water are not effective ways to lower the risk of cancer.

Question 14

________,as part of NAD and NADP,is important for energy metabolism.

Accepted Answer

Niacin is a component of NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and NADP (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), which are essential coenzymes in energy metabolism processes.

Question 15

Compared to other water-soluble vitamins,the body can store large amounts of ________.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B-12 is the only water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in significant amounts in the body. The liver can store enough vitamin B-12 to last several years, while other water-soluble vitamins like vitamin C and thiamin are quickly excreted from the body when consumed in excess. Riboflavin can be stored for a short period of time but not to the extent of vitamin B-12.

Question 16

Consuming too much avidin,a protein found in raw egg whites,may inhibit ________ absorption.

Accepted Answer

Avidin in raw egg whites can bind to biotin, preventing its absorption in the body. This can lead to biotin deficiency, which can cause skin rash, hair loss, and neurological issues. Cooking eggs denatures avidin and decreases its binding ability, making biotin more available for absorption.

Question 17

The human body can absorb some ________ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

Accepted Answer

Biotin is a vitamin that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria and can be absorbed by the human body. Vitamin C, riboflavin, and beta-carotene are not synthesized by intestinal bacteria and must be obtained from dietary sources.

Question 18

A medical researcher is investigating the chemical and physical properties of a substance that she isolated from the surface of charcoal-grilled meat.When the scientist mixes a small amount of the substance with living human cells,the chemical causes the rapid breakdown of the cells' plasma membranes.She is able to prevent this reaction by adding vitamin C to the mixture of the substance chemical and cells.Based on this information,the scientist has ________.

Accepted Answer

The scientist has determined that the chemical isolated from charcoal-grilled meat is an oxidant because it caused the breakdown of living human cells' plasma membranes. Vitamin C, a known antioxidant, was able to prevent this reaction. Therefore, the chemical must be an oxidant. This conclusion is based on in vitro experiments under controlled conditions, not in vivo experiments, and there is no information to suggest that the substance is a potential treatment for cancer.

Question 19

________ are water-soluble vitamins.

Accepted Answer

Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin are all water-soluble vitamins. Choice B is incorrect because vitamins K, D, and E are fat-soluble vitamins. Choice C is incorrect because pantothenic acid, vitamin A, and choline are also not water-soluble vitamins. Choice D is incorrect because vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin, while B-12 and B-6 are water-soluble vitamins.

Question 20

A researcher has isolated an organic,water-soluble chemical from roses.After performing in vivo tests,the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells,but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors.Based on this information,the researcher may have discovered a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

An antioxidant is a substance that prevents or reduces the damage caused by free radicals and oxidative stress. The chemical isolated from the roses provides protection to cell membranes, indicating that it may act as an antioxidant. It does not supply energy or act as a precursor, and there is no indication that it is used for autoanalysis.

Quiz 10: Water-Soluble Vitamins

A common role of B vitamins is that they ________.

A(n) ________ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.

________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

________ are water-soluble vitamins.

When cooking green beans,Lenny likes to add baking soda to the cooking water because it keeps the beans from turning olive green.As a result of this practice,Lenny's green beans have ________ than green beans cooked in plain water.

________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

Which of the following vitamins is important in protein metabolism as a component of PLP?

Which of the following vitamins is a component of coenzyme A?

________ cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in females in the United States.

Which of the following cooking methods can result in significant losses of water-soluble vitamins?

Which of the following organs is the leading site for cancer deaths among men and women in the United States?

Jamal wants to lower his risk of cancer.He should ________.

________,as part of NAD and NADP,is important for energy metabolism.

Compared to other water-soluble vitamins,the body can store large amounts of ________.

Consuming too much avidin,a protein found in raw egg whites,may inhibit ________ absorption.

The human body can absorb some ________ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

________ are water-soluble vitamins.