Question 1

Evoked potentials in the brain are most likely to be detected by a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

EEG (Electroencephalography) measures electrical activity in the brain and is the most common method for detecting evoked potentials, which are electrical responses generated by the brain in response to specific stimuli. The other options, CAT scan, MRI, and PET scan, do not directly measure electrical activity in the brain but rather provide information about the brain's structure and function through different techniques.

Question 2

How does the method of transcranial magnetic stimulation of brain areas differ from magnetic inactivation?

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Question 3

Dr. Wellman is using an electroencephalograph on one of her patients to measure _____.

Accepted Answer

An electroencephalograph (EEG) measures the electrical activity of the brain by recording the average activity of cells in a given region of the brain. It does not measure action potentials in individual neurons, electrical resistance of hair, or glucose uptake in active regions of the brain.

Question 4

Briefly describe the main categories of methods for studying brain function.

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Question 5

Describe the basic functions and components of the autonomic nervous system.

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Question 6

Which statement is true of the cortical areas that are sometimes known as "association areas"?

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

Computerized axial tomography creates an image from ____.

Accepted Answer

Computerized axial tomography, also known as a CT scan, uses X-rays to create detailed images of the inside of the body. The X-rays pass through the body and are detected by a specialized scanner, which creates cross-sectional images that can be used to diagnose medical conditions. Microwaves and infrared rays are not used in CT scans, and while gamma rays have medical uses, they are not used in CT scans.

Question 8

If the prefrontal cortex is damaged, an individual may ____.

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for a variety of cognitive functions including attention, planning, decision making, and working memory. If it is damaged, an individual may have difficulty remembering where they just placed the keys or have other impairments in these cognitive functions. However, sleep, vision, and memory of faces are not primarily controlled by the prefrontal cortex.

Question 9

Describe the basic anatomy and function of the spinal cord.

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Question 10

Hang's doctors would like to get an image of her brain. Her doctors decided that an MRI might be a challenge because ____.

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

The large-scale integration problem is the difficulty of ____.

Accepted Answer

The large-scale integration problem refers to how different areas of the brain work together to create a cohesive perception, so the correct answer is C. A, B, and D do not accurately describe the large-scale integration problem.

Question 12

Which method is dependent upon injecting a radioactive chemical into the blood to measure blood flow?

Accepted Answer

PET (positron emission tomography) is the only method that involves injecting a radioactive tracer or chemical into the bloodstream to measure blood flow, metabolism, and activity in the brain. The other options, fMRI, CAT (CT), and magnetic stimulation, do not use radioactive substances.

Question 13

Organize the following divisions of the nervous system in a hierarchy to show the relationships between them: central, peripheral, autonomic, sympathetic, parasympathetic, and somatic.

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Question 14

Name and describe two different methods for measuring brain function (not anatomy).

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Question 15

A stereotaxic instrument would most likely be used for ____.

Accepted Answer

A stereotaxic instrument is a device used to precisely locate and target specific areas of the brain. It is commonly used in research to place electrodes, inject drugs, or lesion specific brain regions in animals. Therefore, the most likely scenario where a stereotaxic instrument would be used is for placing an electrode in the brain.

Question 16

Which technique is dependent upon the release of oxygen from hemoglobin molecules?

Accepted Answer

fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) is dependent upon the release of oxygen from hemoglobin molecules. When an area of the brain is activated, blood flow to that area increases, leading to a higher concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin. This causes changes in the magnetic properties of the blood, which can be detected by fMRI and used to create a map of brain activity. PET (positron emission tomography) and rCBF (regional cerebral blood flow) also measure blood flow, but they do not rely specifically on the release of oxygen from hemoglobin molecules. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is a structural imaging technique and does not measure brain activity.

Question 17

The "binding problem" is the issue of how we ____.

Accepted Answer

The binding problem refers to the challenge of understanding how the brain integrates information from different sensory modalities into a single, unified perception of an object or event. This involves coordinating neural activity across multiple regions of the brain and across different processing streams, such as vision and audition.

Question 18

Suppose you are interested in determining if the volume of the hippocampus is associated with the amount of stress a person was experiencing. Which method would be the best choice?

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Question 19

Franz Gall noticed that some people with superb verbal skills had protruding eyes. He inferred that verbal memory must be stored in the brain behind the eyes. This method of attempting to understand the brain was called _____.

Accepted Answer

The method described involves inferring mental abilities and traits based on the shape and size of the skull and cranial features, which is the central idea behind phrenology.

Question 20

People with damage of the parietal cortex tend to have trouble ____

Accepted Answer

The parietal cortex is responsible for processing sensory information related to spatial awareness and perception. Damage to this region can lead to difficulty in locating objects in space, which can impair tasks such as reaching, grasping, and navigating.

Quiz 3: Anatomy and Research Methods