Question 1

Explain how Fiedler's least preferred coworker (LPC)scale can determine a leader's style.

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Question 2

What is the primary assumption of the contingency view?

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Question 3

What does the label of socio-independent mean,relative to the LPC scale?

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Question 4

The case of Michael Eisner and Michael Ovitz at Disney provides an example of the potential negative consequences of in-groups.

Accepted Answer

The case of Michael Eisner and Michael Ovitz at Disney is often cited as an example of the negative consequences of in-group bias, as Eisner gave preferential treatment to Ovitz, who was his close friend and former colleague, despite Ovitz's poor performance as president of Disney. This ultimately led to Ovitz being fired and a significant loss of value for Disney shareholders.

Question 5

According to Leader Member Exchange (LMX),followers who are not close to the leader often rebel and improve their performance to prove their worth to the leader.

Accepted Answer

According to Leader Member Exchange (LMX) theory, followers who are not close to the leader tend to have lower job satisfaction, less organizational commitment and poorer performance. They may feel excluded from important information, social networks and opportunities for career development. However, there is no clear evidence that they are more likely to rebel or improve their performance to prove their worth to the leader. Instead, they may try to find alternative sources of support, such as peers or subordinates, or withdraw from the leader and the organization altogether.

Question 6

Does the fact that there have been researchers who have voiced strong criticisms regarding
the meaning and validity of the LPC scale mean this model is not valid? Defend your opinions.

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Question 7

The advantages of in-groups that have members who are similar can be offset by lack of creativity and limited decision making.

Accepted Answer

While in-groups with similar members may have advantages such as better communication and cooperation, their lack of diversity can lead to a limited range of ideas and perspectives, which can hinder creativity and decision making.

Question 8

Research indicates that people tend to become friends and be attracted to those who are unlike them.A leader's inner circle is therefore likely to be very different than himself/herself.

Accepted Answer

Research shows that people are more likely to become friends with and be attracted to those who are similar to them in terms of values, beliefs, and interests. This phenomenon is known as homophily. Leaders often surround themselves with individuals who share similar goals, values, or work styles.

Question 9

How does the belief of Marcus Buckingham,a well-known leadership consultant,that leaders should focus on developing their strengths rather than trying to compensate for their weaknesses,parallel the contingency theory?

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Question 10

The development of a relationship between leaders and followers typically takes place in three stages.

Accepted Answer

The development of a relationship between leaders and followers typically takes place in three stages: the stranger phase, the acquaintance phase, and the mature partnership phase.

Question 11

To avoid the potential negative impact of in-groups,leaders must make a conscious effort to seek out all followers.

Accepted Answer

This is because in-groups can lead to biases and exclusion of certain individuals or groups, which can harm overall team performance and cohesion. By actively seeking out and including all followers, leaders can help prevent the negative impacts of in-groups.

Question 12

Explain the following statement: evidence suggests effective leadership requires both consideration and structuring behaviors.

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Question 13

High quality LMX relationship sometimes even extends to social networks outside of work.

Accepted Answer

High quality LMX relationships can extend beyond the boundaries of the workplace and may involve social networks outside of work. This can occur when leaders and subordinates share similar interests or hobbies, participate in community activities or voluntary organizations, or have personal relationships outside of work. Such relationships involve a high degree of mutual trust, respect, and support, and can enrich both the personal and professional lives of those involved.

Question 14

For followers who are not close to the leader,the formal job description often defines their activities.

Accepted Answer

Formal job descriptions are often used to define the activities and responsibilities of individuals who are not in close proximity with the leader. These descriptions help to provide clarity and structure in tasks that may be assigned to them.

Question 15

Leaders should find a competent group of followers and maintain them as part of their in-group for most of the tasks that they need performed.

Accepted Answer

Leaders should aim to develop a diverse and inclusive team, leveraging different skills and perspectives, rather than maintaining a fixed in-group, to enhance creativity and effectiveness in task performance.

Question 16

In most cultures,leaders pick the followers they trust based on competence and performance.

Accepted Answer

In most cultures, followers usually pick their leaders through an election or appointment process, rather than the other way around. Trusted followers are chosen based on their skills, loyalty, and ability to represent the interests of the group. However, in some authoritarian regimes, leaders appoint followers based on personal relationships or other factors, rather than merit or performance.

Question 17

In ascriptive cultures such as France,the quality of the LMX often depends on the followers' performance.

Accepted Answer

In ascriptive cultures, the quality of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) relationships often depends more on personal attributes, connections, or the status of the followers rather than solely on their performance.

Question 18

The Leader-Member Exchange (LMX)model suggests leaders develop two groups of followers;those in the in-group and those in the out-group.

Accepted Answer

The Leader-Member Exchange (LMX)model suggests that leaders develop two groups of followers- the in-group and the out-group based on the quality of leader-member relationship.

Question 19

The Leader-Member Exchange (LMX)model suggests that leaders do not have the same relationship with all their followers.

Accepted Answer

The LMX model suggests that leaders have unique relationships with individual followers, based on the quality of the exchange between them. This means that leaders do not have the same relationship with all their followers.

Question 20

Leaders should periodically evaluate the criteria for membership in their in-group.

Accepted Answer

Leaders should periodically evaluate the criteria for membership in their in-group to ensure fairness, inclusivity, and relevance to their group's goals and values. This can help prevent groupthink and strengthen the group's overall effectiveness.

Quiz 3: Early Theories: the Foundation of Modern Leadership