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Immunodeficiencies may be genetic in origin. Two examples of these are Bruton's agammaglobulinemia, an X-linked disorder, and DiGeorge syndrome, caused by a deletion from chromosome 22. Bruton's results in underdeveloped B cells, while DiGeorge syndrome results in a missing or seriously underdeveloped thymus.
-Some pathogens can undergo rapid changes resulting in antigenic variation. Which of the following is such a pathogen?
A) the influenza virus, which expresses alternative envelope proteins
B) the strep bacteria, which can be communicated from patient to patient with high efficiency
C) human papilloma virus, that can remain latent for several years
D) the causative agent of an autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis
E) multiple sclerosis, that attacks the myelinated cells of the nervous system
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