Question 1

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?
A)Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.
B)Macromolecular synthesis occurs through the removal of water and digestion occurs through the addition of water.
C)Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis.
D)Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions break down polymers.
E)A and B are correct.

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reactions involve the removal of water to assemble polymers, while hydrolysis involves the addition of water to break down polymers. Both A and B correctly describe these processes.

Question 2

Figure 5.1 
-Which of the following descriptors is True of the molecule shown in Figure 5.1?
A)hexose
B)fructose
C)glucose
D)A and B only
E)A and C only

Accepted Answer

The molecule is a hexose, which is a six-carbon sugar, and glucose is a specific type of hexose.

Question 3

Which of the following is True of both starch and cellulose?
A)They are both polymers of glucose.
B)They are geometric isomers of each other.
C)They can both be digested by humans.
D)They are both used for energy storage in plants.
E)They are both structural components of the plant cell wall.

Accepted Answer

Both starch and cellulose are composed of repeating units of glucose monomers, making them both polymers of glucose.

Question 4

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A)The number of alpha glucose 1-4 linkages in cellulose
(B)The number of alpha glucose 1-4 linkages in starch
A)Item (A)is greater than item (B).
B)Item (A)is less than item (B).
C)Item (A)is exactly or very approximately equal to item (B).
D)Item (A)may stand in more than one of the above relations to item (B).

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains more alpha glucose 1-4 linkages compared to starch. Cellulose is composed of long, linear chains of glucose molecules linked through 1-4 alpha glycosidic bonds, which form a straight and rigid structure, while starch is composed of both linear and branched chains of glucose molecules linked through 1-4 alpha glycosidic bonds, which form a more compact and spherical structure. Therefore, item (A) is less than item (B).

Question 5

Which of the following is not a polymer?
A)glucose
B)starch
C)cellulose
D)chitin
E)DNA

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a monomer, which means it is a single molecule, whereas the other options (starch, cellulose, chitin, and DNA) are all polymers made up of many monomers.

Question 6

The molecular formula for glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?
A)C₁₈H₃₆O₁₈
B)C₁₈H₃₀O₁₅
C)C₆H₁₀O₅
D)C₁₈H₁₀O₁5
E)C₃H₆O₃

Accepted Answer

When three glucose molecules are linked by dehydration reactions, two water molecules (H₂O) are removed, resulting in the formula C₁₈H₃₆O₁₈ - 2H₂O = C₁₈H₃₀O₁₅.

Question 7

Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?
A)as a pentose
B)as a hexose
C)as a monosaccharide
D)as a disaccharide
E)as a polysaccharide

Accepted Answer

Lactose is composed of two monosaccharides (glucose and galactose) joined by a glycosidic linkage, making it a disaccharide.

Question 8

The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the α form. Which of the following could amylase break down?
A)glycogen
B)cellulose
C)chitin
D)A and B only
E)A, B, and C

Accepted Answer

Amylase can break down glycogen because it is composed of glucose monomers in the α form. Cellulose and chitin have β glycosidic linkages, which amylase cannot break.

Question 9

A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a
A)carbohydrate.
B)lipid.
C)monosaccharide
D)A and B only.
E)A, B, and C.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6...

Question 10

Figure 5.1 
-If 2 molecules of the general type shown in Figure 5.1 were linked together, carbon 1 of one molecule to carbon 4 of the other, the single molecule that would result would be
A)maltose.
B)fructose.
C)glucose.
D)galactose.
E)sucrose.

Accepted Answer

When two glucose molecules are linked together with a glycosidic bond between carbon 1 of one glucose and carbon 4 of the other, the disaccharide maltose is formed.

Question 11

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A)The number of cis double bonds in saturated fatty acids
(B)The number of cis double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids
A)Item (A)is greater than item (B).
B)Item (A)is less than item (B).
C)Item (A)is exactly or very approximately equal to item (B).
D)Item (A)may stand in more than one of the above relations to item (B).

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no cis double bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more cis double bonds.

Question 12

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A)The probability that amino acids with nonpolar side chains are hydrophobic.
(B)The probability that amino acids with side chains containing a carboxyl group are hydrophobic.
A)Item (A)is greater than item (B).
B)Item (A)is less than item (B).
C)Item (A)is exactly or very approximately equal to item (B).
D)Item (A)may stand in more than one of the above relations to item (B).

Accepted Answer

Amino acids with nonpolar side chains tend to be hydrophobic, whereas amino acids with a carboxyl group tend to be hydrophilic. Therefore, the probability that amino acids with nonpolar side chains are hydrophobic is greater than the probability that amino acids with side chains containing a carboxyl group are hydrophobic.

Question 13

On food packages, to what does the term "insoluble fiber" refer?
A)cellulose
B)polypeptides
C)starch
D)amylopectin
E)chitin

Accepted Answer

Insoluble fiber refers to cellulose, a type of carbohydrate found in plants that cannot be digested by humans. It helps with bowel regularity and can aid in preventing constipation.

Question 14

Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen?
A)starch
B)glycogen
C)cellulose
D)chitin
E)amylopectin

Accepted Answer

Chitin is a polymer that contains nitrogen, while the other options do not.

Question 15

What is the chemical mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?
A)phosphodiester linkages
B)hydrolysis
C)dehydration reactions
D)ionic bonding of monomers
E)the formation of disulfide bridges between monomers

Accepted Answer

Cells use dehydration reactions to make polymers from monomers. During this process, a water molecule is removed, forming a covalent bond between two monomers. This process is repeated multiple times to form long chains of polymers, such as proteins or nucleic acids.

Question 16

How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long?
A)12
B)11
C)10
D)9
E)8

Accepted Answer

To hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long, we need to break 10 bonds between monomers. Each bond requires one molecule of water for hydrolysis, so we need 10 molecules of water.

Question 17

All of the following are polysaccharides except
A)glycogen
B)starch
C)chitin
D)cellulose
E)amylopectin

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are polysaccharides except
A)glycogen
B)starch
C)chitin
D)cellulose
E)amylopectin...

Question 18

Which of the following is True of cellulose?
A)It is a polymer composed of sucrose monomers.
B)It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells.
C)It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in animal cells.
D)It is a major structural component of plant cell walls.
E)It is a major structural component of animal cell plasma membranes.

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is a major structural component of plant cell walls. It is made up of glucose monomers linked together by beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds, and forms a strong and rigid structure in plant cells. Choices A, B, C, and E are incorrect because they do not accurately describe cellulose.

Question 19

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A)The probability of finding chitin in fungal cell walls
(B)The probability of finding chitin in arthropod exoskeletons
A)Item (A)is greater than item (B).
B)Item (A)is less than item (B).
C)Item (A)is exactly or very approximately equal to item (B).
D)Item (A)may stand in more than one of the above relations to item (B).

Accepted Answer

Chitin is a major component of both fungal cell walls and arthropod exoskeletons, so the probability of finding chitin in both is very high and approximately equal.

Question 20

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship.
(A)The number of purines in the DNA strand 5'-AAGAGGAGAAA-3'
(B)The number of pyrimidines in the DNA strand 5'-AAGAGGAGAAA-3'
A)Item (A)is greater than item (B).
B)Item (A)is less than item (B).
C)Item (A)is exactly or very approximately equal to item (B).
D)Item (A)may stand in more than one of the above relations to item (B).

Accepted Answer

The DNA strand contains 7 purines (A and G) and 4 pyrimidines (C and T).

Quiz 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Figure 5.1 -Which of the following descriptors is True of the molecule shown in Figure 5.1?

Which of the following is True of both starch and cellulose?

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A) The number of alpha glucose 1-4 linkages in cellulose (B) The number of alpha glucose 1-4 linkages in starch

Which of the following is not a polymer?

The molecular formula for glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?

The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the α form. Which of the following could amylase break down?

A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a

Figure 5.1 -If 2 molecules of the general type shown in Figure 5.1 were linked together, carbon 1 of one molecule to carbon 4 of the other, the single molecule that would result would be

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A) The number of cis double bonds in saturated fatty acids (B) The number of cis double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A) The probability that amino acids with nonpolar side chains are hydrophobic. (B) The probability that amino acids with side chains containing a carboxyl group are hydrophobic.

On food packages, to what does the term "insoluble fiber" refer?

Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen?

What is the chemical mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?

How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long?

All of the following are polysaccharides except

Which of the following is True of cellulose?

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A) The probability of finding chitin in fungal cell walls (B) The probability of finding chitin in arthropod exoskeletons

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A) The number of purines in the DNA strand 5'-AAGAGGAGAAA-3' (B) The number of pyrimidines in the DNA strand 5'-AAGAGGAGAAA-3'