Question 1

Which of the following is not characteristic of most leadership research?
A)an emphasis on explanatory processes and mediating variables
B)an assumption of strong effects by heroic individual leaders
C)a focus on dyadic processes rather than collective processes
D)an assumption of unidirectional causality from leader to followers

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

Which of the following was not described as an essential theme for effective leadership?
A)strengthen the collective identity of followers
B)rely on followers to interpret events
C)promote social justice and morality
D)encourage and facilitate collective learning

Accepted Answer

Relying solely on followers to interpret events is not an essential theme for effective leadership. However, the other three choices - strengthening the collective identity of followers, promoting social justice and morality, and encouraging and facilitating collective learning - are all important elements for effective leadership.

Question 3

Which is not true for the integrating conceptual model presented in this chapter?
A)the model includes the influence leader traits, power, and behavior
B)the model allows for reciprocal influence processes between variables
C)the model is supported by many studies that examine all the linkages
D)the model applies to dyadic, group, and organizational levels of analysis

Accepted Answer

The statement that the model is supported by many studies that examine all the linkages is not true. While there is some support for the model, there is not enough empirical evidence to fully confirm all the linkages within the model.

Question 4

What is the best conclusion about the current state of leadership theory?
A)most of the theories are strongly supported by empirical research
B)most of the theories provide a good explanation of leadership processes
C)most of the theories are very comprehensive
D)most of the theories have not been adequately tested

Accepted Answer

The current state of leadership theory suggests that most of the theories have not been adequately tested. Although there are many theories available, there is still a lack of consensus on what exactly constitutes effective leadership and how it can be measured. Additionally, many theories suffer from a lack of empirical support, and there is a need for further research to better understand the complexities of leadership processes.

Question 5

Which is least likely to be a reason for the confused state of the leadership literature?
A)a proliferation of confusing terms and diverse definitions
B)the use of complex theories to explain leader influence
C)the reliance on weak methods for much of the research
D)the narrow focus of most empirical studies on leadership

Accepted Answer

The use of complex theories to explain leader influence is a common trend in the leadership literature, and while it may contribute to confusion for some readers, it is not the least likely reason for the confused state of the literature. A, C, and D are all more likely reasons, as they involve issues with terminology, methodology, and focus.

Question 6

Which conclusion about progress in leadership research is most accurate?
A)most leadership studies have yielded useful knowledge
B)progress has been much faster than was initially expected
C)much has been learned about determinants of effective leadership
D)very little is known about the determinants of effective leadership

Accepted Answer

While progress in leadership research may not have been as fast as initially expected, it is still a relatively young field. However, many studies have yielded useful knowledge and much has been learned about the determinants of effective leadership. Therefore, option C is the most accurate conclusion. Option D is clearly incorrect as significant progress has been made in this field. Option A is partially true, but not as comprehensive as option C. Option B is not accurate as progress has been slower than initially expected.

Question 7

Which conclusion about trends in leadership research over the last decade is not correct?
A)more varied research methods have been used to study leadership
B)there is more research to test contingency theories of leadership
C)more of the studies include variables from the different approaches
D)there is more research on cross-cultural differences in leadership

Accepted Answer

The correct conclusion is that there is more research testing transformational theories of leadership, not contingency theories. While there is still research being done on contingency theories, the focus has shifted more towards transformational theories, which emphasize the leader's ability to inspire and motivate followers.

Question 8

Effective leaders are most likely to:
A)make important task decisions by themselves
B)help build consensus about objectives and strategies
C)make decisions that will benefit powerful stakeholders
D)emphasize individual rights over collective responsibility

Accepted Answer

Effective leaders understand the importance of building consensus and collaboration among team members to achieve common objectives and strategies. They encourage participation, active listening, and open communication rather than making decisions independently or solely based on the interests of powerful stakeholders. They also balance the tension between individual rights and collective responsibilities by promoting a shared sense of purpose and accountability.

Question 9

Employee talent is relevant for understanding effective leadership:
A) at the dyadic level
B)at the group level
C)at the organizational level
D)at all three of these levels

Accepted Answer

Employee talent is relevant for understanding effective leadership at all three levels - dyadic level (between a leader and a follower), group level (within a team or department), and organizational level (across the entire organization). The talent of employees can influence their ability to follow a leader, work effectively within a group, and contribute to the organization's success. Effective leadership involves recognizing and leveraging employee talent at all levels.

Question 10

Convergence of findings from different research approaches in leadership:
A)has been a prime concern of most leadership theorists
B)has been extensively validated by empirical research
C)is entirely a matter of speculation by academic scholars
D)is facilitated by an integrating conceptual framework

Accepted Answer

Convergence of findings from different research approaches in leadership is facilitated by an integrating conceptual framework, which allows researchers to integrate the results of different studies through a common lens. While this has been a concern of leadership theorists, and some empirical validation has occurred, it is not purely speculative in nature.

Question 11

What is the best conclusion about the results from research on the trait,behavior,and power-influence research?
A)each approach is so unique that the findings cannot be compared
B)the findings are seldom statistically significant for any approach
C)the findings from different approaches show substantial convergence
D)the findings from different approaches are mostly inconsistent

Accepted Answer

The question asks for the best conclusion about the results from research on the trait, behavior, and power-influence research. The option C states that there is substantial convergence among the findings from different approaches, which indicates a level of consistency and agreement among the research. Therefore, option C is the best answer. Option A is incorrect because the question implies a comparison among approaches. Option B is incorrect because it makes a generalized statement about statistical significance without considering the specific research. Option D is incorrect because it suggests inconsistency without considering any similarities or agreements in the research.

Question 12

What research method is used most often to study leadership effectiveness?
A)survey field studies
B)laboratory experiments
C)field experiments
D)intensive case studies

Accepted Answer

Survey field studies are used most often to study leadership effectiveness as they allow for large-scale data collection and analysis from a diverse range of participants in real-world settings. This method also allows for the examination of multiple variables and their impact on leadership effectiveness. Laboratory experiments, field experiments, and intensive case studies can also be used, but are less commonly used due to practical limitations such as sample size and/or lack of real-world applicability.

Question 13

Which type of research is least likely to be useful for increasing our understanding of leadership at this point in the development of the field?
A)comparative case studies
B)same source survey studies
C)field experiments
D)longitudinal field studies

Accepted Answer

Same source survey studies are often limited by common method bias and self-reporting biases, which may not provide a comprehensive understanding of leadership. Comparative case studies, field experiments, and longitudinal field studies tend to yield more in-depth and comprehensive insights into leadership dynamics.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a common feature of leadership research?
A)studies that involve field experiments
B)surveys conducted in real organizations
C)studies conducted to test leadership theories
D)studies with subordinate ratings of leader behavior

Accepted Answer

Field experiments are not always feasible in leadership research due to ethical and practical constraints. Therefore, they are not a common feature of leadership research. However, surveys, studies to test theories, and subordinate ratings of leader behavior are frequently used in leadership research.

Question 15

Which if the following was not mentioned as a weakness in most leadership theory and research?
A)use of multiple methods to verify findings
B)overemphasis on dyadic processes
C)insufficient attention to explanatory processes
D)insufficient attention to the leadership context

Accepted Answer

The use of multiple methods to verify findings is not typically mentioned as a weakness in leadership theory and research. In fact, using multiple methods is often considered a strength in research methodology.

Question 16

The implications of empowerment for effective leadership are most important for which level of leadership theory?
A)individual level
B)dyadic level
C)group level
D)organizational level

Accepted Answer

The implications of empowerment, which involves delegating authority and responsibility to individuals or groups, are most important for the organizational level of leadership theory. This level focuses on how leaders can create a culture of empowerment throughout the organization, which can lead to increased employee satisfaction, productivity, and innovation. Effective leadership at this level involves not only empowering individuals and teams but also establishing systems and processes that support and reinforce empowerment throughout the organization.

Quiz 16: Overview and Integration

Which of the following is not characteristic of most leadership research?

Which of the following was not described as an essential theme for effective leadership?

Which is not true for the integrating conceptual model presented in this chapter?

What is the best conclusion about the current state of leadership theory?

Which is least likely to be a reason for the confused state of the leadership literature?

Which conclusion about progress in leadership research is most accurate?

Which conclusion about trends in leadership research over the last decade is not correct?

Effective leaders are most likely to:

Employee talent is relevant for understanding effective leadership:

Convergence of findings from different research approaches in leadership:

What is the best conclusion about the results from research on the trait,behavior,and power-influence research?

What research method is used most often to study leadership effectiveness?

Which type of research is least likely to be useful for increasing our understanding of leadership at this point in the development of the field?

Which of the following is not a common feature of leadership research?

Which if the following was not mentioned as a weakness in most leadership theory and research?

The implications of empowerment for effective leadership are most important for which level of leadership theory?