Question 1

The model of the deviant career applies to both individuals who leave those careers and individuals who stay in those deviant careers.

Accepted Answer

The model of the deviant career is a theoretical framework that explains the stages and processes involved in individuals becoming involved in and progressing through deviant careers. It can be applied to both those who leave such careers and those who remain in them. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 2

According to Becker (1963),a deviant label assumes the level of master status,which contributes to the individual's exclusion from the conforming world.

Accepted Answer

Becker's labeling theory argues that when someone is labeled as deviant, that label becomes their master status, overshadowing any other aspect of their identity and contributing to their exclusion from the conforming world.

Question 3

Robinson (2008)found that anarchist groups have responded to a panoptical
society by making greater use of media to communicate their ideology to a wider
audience.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 4

Although labelling theory suggests a person's identity changes as a result of being labeled,the notion of the dramatization of evil maintains that identity remains stable.

Accepted Answer

The notion of the dramatization of evil suggests that a person's identity can change as a result of being labeled as deviant, particularly if they internalize the label and begin to see themselves as such. This is in contrast to the stability of identity suggested by labelling theory.

Question 5

According to labelling theory,deviance is a label attached to some people,but that label has little impact on their subsequent actions.

Accepted Answer

According to labelling theory, deviance is not just a label but a social construct that has a significant impact on an individual's subsequent actions and self-identity. Once an individual receives a deviant label, they may internalize it and begin to see themselves as deviant, leading to further deviant behavior. Additionally, the label may also result in social exclusion and limited opportunities, further reinforcing their deviance.

Question 6

Reintegrative shaming illustrates the potentially positive consequences of stigmatization.

Accepted Answer

Reintegrative shaming is a restorative justice approach that aims to shame the behavior rather than the person and to reintegrate the offender back into society. It has been shown to have positive effects on reducing recidivism and promoting rehabilitation.

Question 7

The concept of the deviant career refers to those people who make their living through deviance (e.g.by selling stolen cars).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The concept of the deviant career refers...

Question 8

According to Austin Turk (1969),the core struggle in society is between those who are in positions of authority and those who are subject to authority.

Accepted Answer

Austin Turk argues that the main conflict in society is between those in power and those who are subordinate to them.

Question 9

According to symbolic interactionists,the process of role-taking enables us to determine meaning by trying to understand the world from other people's points of view.

Accepted Answer

Symbolic interactionists believe that role-taking allows individuals to gain an understanding of the meanings associated with interaction and social life by viewing the world from the perspective of others. This process enables individuals to develop and adapt to social norms, roles, and expectations within society.

Question 10

The difference between Marxist conflict theories and pluralist conflict theories is that the former emphasize economic inequality,while the latter emphasize multiple axes of inequality.

Accepted Answer

Marxist conflict theories focus on the economic inequality resulting from the unequal distribution of resources and wealth in society, whereas pluralist conflict theories recognize multiple forms of inequality such as race, gender, sexual orientation, and religion, in addition to economic inequality.

Question 11

According to Goffman's (1959)notion of dramaturgy,impression management occurs with the front-stage self rather than the back-stage self.

Accepted Answer

Goffman's dramaturgical theory suggests that individuals engage in impression management by carefully presenting themselves to others, much like actors performing on a stage. The front-stage self represents the public-facing persona that individuals present to others, while the back-stage self refers to the private, unguarded self that individuals keep hidden from public view. Therefore, impression management primarily occurs within the front-stage self.

Question 12

According to Foucault (1995),a panoptical society prevents resistance.

Accepted Answer

Foucault argues that a panoptical society disciplines individuals through surveillance, but it does not necessarily prevent resistance. Instead, it creates a power dynamic where individuals may self-regulate due to the possibility of being watched.

Question 13

According to labelling theory,those little acts of rule-breaking that we all engage in are called tertiary deviance.

Accepted Answer

According to labelling theory, those little acts of rule-breaking are called primary deviance, not tertiary deviance. Tertiary deviance refers to the process of individuals who have been labelled as deviant rejecting the label and attempting to redefine it as non-deviant.

Question 14

One of the ways that people of Middle-Eastern descent living in the United States have engaged in stigma management since 9/11 is through humour.

Accepted Answer

Many Middle-Eastern Americans have used humour as a way to cope with the stigma and discrimination they face in the US post-9/11. This can include using satire, parody, and self-deprecating jokes to navigate difficult situations and challenge stereotypes.

Question 15

Marxism serves as the foundation for the other interpretive theories of deviance.

Accepted Answer

Marxism is one of several theories of deviance, but it is not the foundation for all interpretive theories. Other theories, such as symbolic interactionism and labeling theory, have different foundations.

Question 16

Although there is some disagreement about what postmodern theory actually is,
diverse postmodern theories are all broadly based on the notion of rejection.

Accepted Answer

Postmodern theories reject the modernist notions of universal truths, objective realities, and grand narratives, and instead focus on fragmented, subjective experiences and multiple perspectives. Therefore, the statement that postmodern theories are based on the notion of rejection is true.

Question 17

Power-reflexive theories suggest that all claims to knowledge are embedded within relations of power.

Accepted Answer

Power-reflexive theories argue that knowledge is not objective or neutral, but rather shaped by power relations within society. This means that all claims to knowledge are influenced by the social context in which they emerge, and those who hold power are able to exert greater influence over what is considered legitimate knowledge. Therefore, power relations play a fundamental role in shaping what we know and how we come to know it.

Question 18

Feminist theorizing is done from outside of the dominant theoretical perspectives within sociology,but also from within the dominant theoretical perspectives.

Accepted Answer

Feminist theorizing emerged as a critical response to the male-dominated and patriarchal theories of sociology, and it often challenges the assumptions and premises of dominant theoretical perspectives. However, feminist scholars also engage with and build on the core concepts and theories of sociology, such as social stratification, power, culture, and identity. Thus, feminist theorizing can be both critical of and integrated with the dominant theoretical perspectives within sociology.

Question 19

Solivetti (2003)found that in Italy,drug addiction is more prevalent in urban areas that have higher incomes and levels of education.

Accepted Answer

Solivetti (2003) found that in Italy, drug addiction was indeed more prevalent in urban areas with higher incomes and education levels.

Question 20

As a result of false consciousness,society's masses believe that they have more freedom than they actually do.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As a result of false consciousness,society's masses...

Quiz 3: Explaining Deviance: the Perception, Reaction,and Power