Quiz 3: Network Security

The threat environment includes ________. A)attackers B)attacks C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Which phase of the plan-protect-respond cycle takes the largest amount of work? A)plan B)protect C)respond D)Each phase requires about equal effort.

Compromises also are called ________. A)breaches B)incidents C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

A compromise is an attempted attack.

Malware is a generic name for evil software.

The generic name for evil software is ________. A)viruses B)worms C)exploits D)malware

The generic name for a security flaw in a program is a ________. A)virus B)malware C)security fault D)vulnerability

A ________ is a flaw in a program that permits a specific attack or set of attacks against this problem. A)malware B)security error C)vulnerability D)security fault

Users typically can eliminate a vulnerability in one of their programs by ________. A)installing a patch B)doing a zero-day installation C)using an antivirus program D)all of the above

An attack that occurs before a patch is available is called a zero-day attack.

Universal malware requires a vulnerability to succeed.

Viruses propagate within a computer by infecting other programs in that computer.

Viruses most commonly spread from one computer to another ________. A)via e-mail B)by propagating directly by themselves C)through obfuscation D)all of the above

An action that will stop many viruses is ________. A)installing a firewall B)the use of an antivirus program C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

An action that will stop many viruses is ________. A)installing patches B)the use of an antivirus program C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Firewalls typically stop viruses.

Which of the following attach themselves to other programs? A)viruses B)worms C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Which of the following sometimes uses direct propagation between computers? A)viruses B)worms C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Which of the following is a propagation vector for some worms? A)e-mail B)direct propagation C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Which of the following can spread more rapidly? A)directly-propagating viruses B)directly-propagating worms C)Both of the above can spread with approximately equal speed.

Which of the following can thwart directly-propagating worms? A)firewalls B)antivirus programs C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Which of the following can thwart directly-propagating worms? A)applying patches B)firewalls C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Antivirus programs can usually stop directly-propagating worms.

Scripts may execute commands when a webpage is downloaded.

Scripts normally are bad.

Scripts are likely to be dangerous primarily if a computer has a vulnerability.

Mobile code is another name for ________. A)virus B)worm C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Pieces of code that are executed after the virus or worm has spread are called ________. A)vulnerabilities B)exploits C)compromises D)payloads

Malware programs that masquerade as system files are called ________. A)viruses B)scripts C)payloads D)Trojan horses

Trojan horses can get onto computers by ________. A)self-propagation B)hackers C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Trojan horses can get onto computers by ________. A)viruses B)hackers C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

The general name for malware on a user's PC that collects sensitive information and sends this information to an attacker is ________. A)keystroke loggers B)anti-privacy software C)spyware D)data mining software

A program that can capture passwords as you enter them is ________. A)a keystroke logger B)data mining software C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Tricking users into doing something against their interests is ________. A)social engineering B)hacking C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

________ is lying to get victims to do something against financial self interest. A)Social engineering B)Fraud

Unsolicited commercial e-mail is better known as ________. A)spam B)adware C)social engineering D)identity theft

Spam can be used to ________. A)implement a fraud B)cause the reader to go to a website that will download malware to the victim's computer C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

An attack in which an authentic-looking e-mail or website entices a user to enter his or her username,password,or other sensitive information is called ________.(Select the most specific answer.) A)phishing B)identity theft C)social engineering D)a spyware attack

Identity theft is stealing credit card numbers,in order to make unauthorized purchases.

Credit card number thieves are called ________.(Pick the most precise answer.) A)numbers racketeers B)fraudsters C)identity thieves D)carders

Which of the following tends to be more damaging to the victim? A)credit card theft B)identity theft C)Both are about equally damaging to the victim.

The last stage in a hacking attack is the break-in.

The last stage in a hacking attack is ________. A)scanning B)the break-in C)creating a back door D)none of the above

It is still hacking if a person unintentionally accesses unauthorized computer information.

Hackers identify possible victim computers by sending ________. A)scouts B)probe packets C)exploits D)Mocking Jays

Hackers send probe packets to identify ________. A)IP addresses with active hosts B)hosts running certain applications C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Methods that hackers use to break into computers are ________. A)cracks B)magics C)exploits D)compromises

After a break-in,the first step usually is to ________. A)do damage manually B)delete log files C)create a backdoor D)download a hacker toolkit

What does a hacker usually do IMMEDIATELY after downloading a hacker toolkit? A)install a Trojan horse B)create a backdoor C)execute an exploit D)delete log files

A way back into a system that an attacker can use to get into the compromised computer later is called a ________.(Choose the most specific answer.) A)backdoor B)Trojan horse C)compromise D)rootkit

Which of the following can be a type of backdoor? A)A new account B)A Trojan horse C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

DoS attacks attempt to ________. A)hack a computer B)reduce the availability of a computer C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Attack programs that can be remotely controlled by an attacker are ________. A)bots B)DoS programs C)exploits D)sock puppets

Which of the following can be upgraded after it is installed on a victim computer? (Choose the most specific answer.) A)Trojan horses B)bots C)viruses D)worms

In distributed DoS attacks,the attacker sends messages directly to ________. A)bots B)the intended victim of the DoS attack C)backdoors D)DOS servers

Most hackers today are driven by curiosity,a sense of power,and,sometimes,a desire to increase their reputation among peers.

It is generally illegal to write malware.

What are the most dangerous types of employees? A)financial employees B)manufacturing employees C)IT security employees D)former employees

What type of attacker are most attackers today? A)disgruntled employees and ex-employees B)criminals C)hackers motivated by a sense of power D)cyberterrorists

Cyberwar attacks are made by national governments or organized terrorists.

What type of attacker can do the most damage? A)criminal attackers B)hackers driven by curiosity C)employees and ex-employees D)national governments

Security is primarily a management issue.

Which of the following is not one of the four major security planning principles? A)perimeter defense B)risk analysis C)comprehensive security D)defense in depth

Balancing threats against protection costs is called ________. A)economic justification B)risk analysis C)comprehensive security D)defense in depth

The goal of security is to eliminate risk.

Attackers only need to find a single weakness to break in.Consequently,companies must ________. A)have comprehensive security B)have insurance C)do risk analysis D)only give minimum permissions

An attacker must break through two firewalls to get to a host.This illustrates the principle called ________.(Select the most specific answer.) A)comprehensive security B)risk assurance C)having a DMZ D)defense in depth

Vulnerabilities are occasionally found in even the best security products.Consequently,companies must ________. A)have comprehensive security B)have defense in depth C)do risk analysis D)only give minimum permissions

Access control involves ________. A)limiting access to each resource B)limiting the permissions of users to each resource C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Actions that people are allowed to take on a resource comes under the heading of ________. A)hacks B)permissions C)exploits D)risks

In general,authenticated users should be given maximum permissions in a resource so that they can do their jobs with few restrictions.

Which of the following specifies what should be done? A)policies B)implementation C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

A policy specifies ________. A)what should be done B)how to do it C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Policies are separated by implementation to take advantage of ________. A)implementer knowledge B)the delegation of work principle C)minimum permissions

Oversight helps ensure that a policy is implemented faithfully.

Implementation guidance is less specific than _______. A)policy B)implementation C)standards D)none of the above

Which of the following must be followed? A)standards B)guidelines C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Which of the following is true? A)guidelines must be followed B)guidelines must be considered C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Oversight activities include ________. A)vulnerability testing B)creating guidelines C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Attacking your own firm occurs in ________. A)vulnerability testing B)auditing C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Policies should drive ________. A)implementation B)oversight C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Requiring someone requesting to use a resource to prove his or her identity is ________. A)confidentiality B)authentication C)authorization D)both B and C

In authentication,the ________ is the party trying to prove his or her identity. A)supplicant B)verifier C)true party D)all of the above

________ is the general name for proofs of identity in authentication. A)Credentials B)Authorizations C)Certificates D)Signatures

Authentication should generally be _____. A)as strong as possible B)appropriate for a specific resource C)the same for all resources, for consistency D)all of the above

Passwords are widely used because ________. A)they can be used at little or no additional cost B)they offer very strong authentication C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Passwords are widely used because they can be used at little or no additional cost.

Passwords are widely used because they offer very strong authentication.

Passwords are widely used because they ________. A)are demanded by users B)offer strong authentication C)are the only authentication techniques known by most security professionals D)are inexpensive to use

A user picks the password tiger.This is likely to be cracked most quickly by a(n)________. A)attack on an application running as root B)brute-force attack C)dictionary attack D)hybrid dictionary attack

Prepare2 can be cracked most quickly by a(n)________. A)authentication attack B)brute-force attack C)dictionary attack D)hybrid dictionary attack

A password that can be defeated by a hybrid dictionary attack can be adequately long if it ________. A)can only be broken by a brute force-attack B)is sufficiently long C)begins with a capital letter and ends with a digit (number) D)none of the above

A password that can be broken by a dictionary attack or a dictionary attack in hybrid mode can be adequately strong if it is very long.

A password cracking attack that tries all combinations of keyboard characters is called a ________. A)dictionary attack B)hybrid mode dictionary attack C)brute force attack D)comprehensive keyboard attack

To defeat brute-force attacks,a password must be ________. A)long B)complex C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

With complex passwords,adding a single character increases the number of passwords that must be tried in brute force guessing by a factor of about ________. A)2 B)10 C)25 D)70

With a complex password,adding two characters will require the attacker to make more than 1,000 more attempts to crack the password.

According to the book,passwords should be at least ________ characters long. A)6 B)8 C)12 D)20

The password velociraptor can be defeated most quickly by a ________. A)dictionary attack B)hybrid mode dictionary attack C)brute-force attack D)None of the above because it is more than 8 characters long.

The password velociraptor is adequately strong.

The password Velociraptor can be defeated most quickly by a ________. A)dictionary attack B)hybrid mode dictionary attack C)brute force attack D)All of the above could defeat the password equally quickly.

The password Velociraptor is adequately strong.

The password NeVEr can be defeated by a ________. A)dictionary attack B)hybrid dictionary attack C)brute force attack D)none of the above

The password NeVEr is adequately strong.

The password R7%t& can be defeated by a ________. A)dictionary attack B)hybrid mode dictionary attack C)brute-force attack D)All of the above could defeat the password equally quickly.

The password R7%t& is adequately strong.

The password 7u3aB& can be defeated most quickly by a ________. A)simple dictionary attack B)hybrid mode dictionary attack C)brute-force attack D)All of the above could defeat the password equally quickly.

The password 7u3aB& is adequately strong.

Biometrics is the use of body measurements to authenticate you.

Which of the following is a criterion by which biometrics can be judged? A)cost B)susceptibility to deception C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Fingerprint scanning may be an acceptable access control method for ordinary laptops.

Iris scanning is attractive because of its ________. A)low cost B)precision C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Which of the following can be done today without the target's knowledge? A)iris scanning B)face recognition C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

In digital certificate authentication,the supplicant does a calculation with ________. A)the supplicant's private key B)the verifier's private key C)the true party's private key D)none of the above

In digital certificate authentication,the verifier uses ________. A)the supplicant's public key B)the verifier's public key C)the true party's public key D)none of the above

In digital certificate authentication,the verifier uses ________. A)the supplicant's public key B)the true party's public key C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

The digital certificate provides the ________. A)private key of the supplicant B)private key of the true party C)public key of the supplicant D)none of the above

In digital certificate authentication,the verifier gets the key it needs directly from the ________. A)supplicant B)verifier C)true party D)certificate authority

In authentication,defense in depth is provided through ________. A)the use of digital certificates B)passing authentication messages through firewalls C)two-factor authentication D)none of the above

Two-factor authentication usually will work even if the attacker controls the supplicant's computer.

Two-factor authentication usually will work even if the attacker can intercept all authentication communication.

Two-factor authentication usually will work ________. A)even if the attacker controls the supplicant's computer B)even if the attacker can intercept all authentication communication C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

When a firewall identifies an attack packet,it ________. A)discards the packet B)copies information about the packet into a log file C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

A firewall drops a packet if it probably but not definitely is an attack packet.

A firewall will drop a packet if it ________. A)is a definite attack packet B)is a probable attack packet C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Firewall log files should be read ________. A)every hour B)every day C)every week D)usually only when a serious attack is suspected

Egress filtering examines packets ________. A)arriving from the outside B)leaving to the outside C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Static packet filtering ________. A)only looks at a single packet at a time, without context B)may be used for pre-screening before the main packet firewall C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

ACLs are used for packets in the ________ state. A)connection-opening B)ongoing communication C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

When a packet that is part of an ongoing connection arrives at a stateful inspection firewall,the firewall usually ________. A)drops the packet B)drops the packet and notifies an administrator C)passes the packet D)passes the packet, but notifies an administrator

When a packet that is not part of an ongoing connection and that does not attempt to open a connection arrives at a stateful inspection firewall,the firewall ________.(Read this question carefully.) A)drops the packet B)passes the packet C)opens a new connection D)does not approve the connection

Stateful firewalls are attractive because of their ________. A)high filtering sophistication B)ability to filter complex application content C)QoS guarantees D)low cost

________ is the dominant firewall filtering method used on main border firewalls today. A)ACL filtering B)Application content filtering C)Stateful packet inspection D)None of the above

How will an SPI firewall handle a packet containing a TCP segment which is an acknowledgement? A)process it through the ACL B)pass it if it is part of an approved connection C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

How will an SPI firewall handle a packet containing a TCP SYN segment? A)process it through the ACL B)pass it if it is part of an approved connection C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

How will an SPI firewall handle a packet containing a TCP FIN segment? A)process it through the ACL B)pass it if it is part of an approved connection C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Which type of firewall filtering collects streams of packets to analyze them as a group? A)static packet filtering B)stateful packet inspection C)deep inspection D)none of the above

Which type of firewall filtering looks at application-layer content? A)static packet filtering B)stateful packet inspection C)deep inspection D)all of the above

What type of filtering does an application-aware firewall use? A)static packet filtering B)stateful packet inspection C)deep inspection D)all of the above

Deep inspection firewalls grew out of ________. A)static packet filtering B)stateful packet inspection C)intrusion detection systems D)none of the above

ASIC technology has been critical to the development of ________. A)static packet filtering B)stateful packet inspection C)deep packet inspection D)none of the above

A specific encryption method is called a ________. A)code B)schema C)key method D)cipher

Using encryption,you make it impossible for attackers to read your messages even if they intercept them.This is ________. A)authentication B)confidentiality C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

In two-way dialogues using symmetric key encryption,how many keys are used for encryption and decryption? A)1 B)2 C)4 D)none of the above

In symmetric key encryption,a key must be ________ bits long or longer to be considered strong.(Choose the choice closest to the correct answer.) A)40 B)56 C)128 D)1,024

Electronic signatures provide message-by-message ________. A)authentication B)confidentiality C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Electronic signatures provide message-by-message ________. A)integrity B)authentication C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

Which of the following is not one of the four response phases for when attacks occur? A)detecting the attack B)stopping the attack C)repairing the damage D)All of the above are response phases.

Forensic procedures are ways to capture and safeguard data in ways that fit rules of evidence in court proceedings.

Computer security incident response teams (CSIRTs)are used in ________. A)false alarms B)normal incidents C)major incidents D)disasters

CSIRTs should include ________. A)IT personnel B)senior line managers C)both A and B D)neither A nor B

________ is the reestablishment of information technology operations after a disaster. A)Business continuity recovery B)Disaster recovery