Question 1

________ can be defined as the traits making up masculinity and femininity.

Accepted Answer

Gender refers to the societal and cultural expectations and characteristics associated with being male or female, while sex refers to biological characteristics such as chromosomes, hormones, and reproductive organs. Gender identity refers to an individual's personal sense of being male, female, or something else entirely. Sexual identity refers to an individual's romantic and/or sexual attraction to others. The traits making up masculinity and femininity are typically associated with gender expectations and norms.

Question 2

The self-fulfilling prophecy is comprised of which of the following social mechanisms? Which of the following social mechanisms constitutes a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Accepted Answer

The self-fulfilling prophecy is a social mechanism in which people act to confirm beliefs that others have about them, leading to a reinforcement of those beliefs. This can become a self-fulfilling cycle in which the beliefs become increasingly ingrained and difficult to change. The other options (B, C, and D) describe other social mechanisms, but not the specific process of the self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 3

Mention the three levels at which gender distinctions tend to occur.

Accepted Answer

Gender distinctions tend to occur at societal level, where gender roles and expectations are established and enforced; interpersonal level, where individuals interact and form relationships based on gender identity; and individual level, where individuals develop their own gender identities and preferences. Biological and developmental factors may also play a role in gender distinctions, but are not the primary levels at which they occur.

Question 4

Churiah goes into a store to buy a computer. The sales clerk who assists her does not talk down to the male customer he just finished helping but does talk down to Churiah. In this scenario, the sales clerk is demonstrating ________.

Accepted Answer

The sales clerk's differential treatment of Churiah based on her gender indicates sex discrimination, as the clerk is judging her abilities and intelligence based solely on her gender.

Question 5

________ is to ________ as nature is to nurture.

Accepted Answer

The nature versus nurture debate is about the importance of genetics (nature) versus environment and experience (nurture) in determining behavior and characteristics. Similarly, sex refers to a person's biological characteristics, while gender refers to the social and cultural roles and expectations associated with being male or female. Just like nature and nurture, sex and gender are also intertwined and influence each other. Therefore, the best answer choice is B: Sex; gender.

Question 6

Societies in which men are allocated more power and higher status are referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

The term that describes societies in which men hold more power and higher status is patriarchal. Matriarchal societies are those in which women hold more power and higher status. Monarchical refers to societies with a monarch or king/queen as the head of state, and partisan refers to being strongly biased towards a particular political party or group.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true about the dominant group in a hierarchical society?

Accepted Answer

The dominant group in a hierarchical society has more power, which allows them to maintain their position of dominance. The other options (A and B) are not true as they promote genetic determinism or gender-based biases, which have been debunked by scientific research.

Question 8

When a little girl is born, she may be wrapped in a pink blanket. What does the color of the blanket represent?

Accepted Answer

The color pink has become associated with femininity and is often used to signify that a baby is a girl, but it does not determine their sex (based on biological characteristics). However, it reinforces societal gender norms and expectations, which is a result of gender-typing, which is the process by which children learn and adopt gender roles based on cultural and societal expectations.

Question 9

In a study conducted by Grady (1977), people were asked to describe the person who had just sold them a subway token. Grady found that

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a study conducted by Grady (1977),...

Question 10

In most fairy tales, the heroine falls prey to an evil scheme and can only be saved by the arrival of her prince. These kinds of stories serve as ________.

Accepted Answer

Legitimizing myths are stories or beliefs that reinforce societal norms and values. In this case, the fairy tale reinforces the idea that women need to be saved by men and must rely on them for their happiness and well-being.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true of gender and power?

Accepted Answer

All of these statements reflect aspects of gender disparities in access to resources, control over public discourse, and allocation of leisure time, illustrating how power dynamics often disadvantage women in various societal dimensions.

Question 12

In a study conducted by Zanna & Pack (1975), women described themselves to men whose "ideal woman" was supposedly traditional or nontraditional. When they found that the man was attractive, women portrayed themselves as matching the man's "ideal woman." In this scenario, which of the following contributes to self-fulfilling prophecy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a study conducted by Zanna &...

Question 13

When the Taliban governed in Afghanistan, it denied women and girls basic human rights such as health care, education, and freedom of movement. This systematic pattern of prejudice and discrimination is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Oppression refers to a systematic pattern of prejudice and discrimination where a particular group is subjected to unfair treatment and denied basic human rights. In the case of women and girls under the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, they were denied access to healthcare, education, and the freedom of movement. This constitutes oppression. Heterosexism refers to discrimination against individuals who do not identify as heterosexual. Social dominance refers to the systematic organization of society in a way that one group holds power and dominance over the others. Visual dominance is not a term commonly used in the context of oppression or discrimination.

Question 14

When women dress up in short skirts, wear makeup, and do their hair before going out to a club, they are ________.

Accepted Answer

When women dress up in a particular way before going out, they are conforming to societal expectations and norms of how women should present themselves in public spaces. This is known as "doing gender," which refers to the performance of gender norms and expectations. It is important to note that this behavior does not necessarily mean that women are being oppressed, discriminatory, or heterosexist in their actions.

Question 15

Davis works out at the gym. He wants to impress women, so he tells his workout friend to load extra plates onto the bench press. When finished, he slaps his friend on the back and challenges him to lift as much. In this scenario, Davis is ________.

Accepted Answer

Davis is participating in "doing gender" by trying to demonstrate his masculinity and strength in front of women. He is using weightlifting as a way to prove his masculine identity and to potentially attract female attention.

Question 16

In a study conducted by Zanna & Pack (1975), female college students were given a description of a male student who was either desirable or undesirable as a potential date and who was characterized as having traditional or more modern values. Which of the following statements is true about women's responses when the man was attractive?

Accepted Answer

In the study, female college students portrayed themselves as more traditional when they believed that the man was traditional and portrayed themselves as less traditional when they believed that the man was nontraditional. This indicates that women's responses were influenced by the perceived values of the man. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because the study did not provide any evidence of women becoming more "catty" with each other. Option B is also incorrect because the study only focused on women's responses, not on their portrayal of themselves as traditional. Option C is partially correct, but it doesn't take into account the effect of perceived traditional and nontraditional values of the man.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true about distinguishing sex from gender?

Accepted Answer

All three statements are correct. Distinguishing sex from gender helped in scientific study of gender socialization, in understanding that biology is not the only determinant of gender, and in recognizing that gender is learned rather than biologically determined.

Question 18

________ can be defined as biological differences in genetic composition and reproductive anatomy and function.

Accepted Answer

Sex refers specifically to biological differences in genetic composition and reproductive anatomy and function.

Question 19

Adrienne sees the sales clerk in a store wearing jeans and a sweatshirt. She cannot decide whether the clerk is a man or a woman, so she searches for ________ such as makeup.

Accepted Answer

Gender cues are signs or indicators that suggest whether an individual is male or female. Adrienne is using these cues to determine whether the sales clerk is a man or a woman.

Question 20

When people present themselves in a way that confirms others' beliefs about them, they create a ________.

Accepted Answer

When people present themselves in a way that confirms others' beliefs about them, they create a self-fulfilling prophecy, in which their behavior fits with the initial expectations and reinforces those beliefs.

Quiz 2: Gender, Status, and Power