Question 1

Which of the following statements about the psychological impact of attending college is true?
A) There are few psychological changes from the freshman to the senior year of college.
B) During college, students' self-esteem tends to decline slightly, rising later during the early work years.
C) College students show a greater tolerance for racial and ethnic prejudices.
D) Interacting with racially and ethnically mixed peers predicts gains in civic engagement.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that interacting with racially and ethnically mixed peers in college predicts gains in civic engagement, including greater political and social involvement. The other options (A, B, and C) are not supported by research findings.

Question 2

In high school,__________ tend to have closer relationships with teachers than do other students.
A) low-SES students
B) college-bound students
C) ethnic minority students
D) students in a vocational track

Accepted Answer

College-bound students tend to have closer relationships with teachers because they are often more academically engaged and interested in pursuing higher education, leading to more interactions and opportunities for mentorship with teachers. Low-SES students may have less access and resources for such interactions, ethnic minority students may face cultural or linguistic barriers in communicating with teachers, and vocational track students may have less classroom time and teacher interaction due to their focus on career preparation.

Question 3

According to Holland,the social person should consider a career in
A) counseling, social work, or teaching.
B) construction, plumbing, or surveying.
C) writing, music, or the visual arts.
D) accounting, banking, or quality control.

Accepted Answer

According to Holland's theory of career choice, individuals with a social personality type are best suited for careers that involve helping others and require strong interpersonal skills. Counseling, social work, and teaching are all professions that align with these characteristics.

Question 4

When asked about her future vocational choice,14-year-old Grace says,"I'm good at math and I like solving problems.But I like helping people.So maybe teaching math or working as an engineer would be good." Grace is in the __________ period of vocational development.
A) fantasy
B) tentative
C) realistic
D) crystallized

Accepted Answer

Grace is in the tentative period of vocational development because she is exploring different options and considering her strengths and interests before making a final decision. She has not yet settled on a specific career path, but is narrowing down her options based on her skills and values.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about men who choose nontraditional careers is true?
A) Their co-workers often assume that they are less knowledgeable than they actually are.
B) They have fewer opportunities than their female co-workers to move into supervisory positions.
C) They usually report feeling socially accepted while in training and on the job.
D) They are more likely than females in their fields to seek career advancement.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that men who choose nontraditional careers typically report feeling socially accepted while in training and on the job, even though they may be in the minority. The other statements are not necessarily true for all men in nontraditional careers.

Question 6

Men who enter careers that are dominated by women __________ than men who enter more traditional careers.
A) have less interest in working with people
B) are less gender-typed
C) are more focused on social status
D) are less liberal in their social attitudes

Accepted Answer

Men who enter female-dominated careers are often less gender-typed and more willing to challenge traditional gender roles and stereotypes. They may also have a stronger interest in working with people and may prioritize personal fulfillment over social status. There is no evidence to suggest that they are less liberal in their social attitudes.

Question 7

To facilitate exploration,college exposes students to a form of
A) dualistic thinking.
B) culture shock.
C) cognitive dissonance.
D) egocentrism.

Accepted Answer

Culture shock is the experience of disorientation and confusion when exposed to an unfamiliar culture, and college can provide opportunities for students to encounter new and different perspectives, traditions, and social norms that may be outside their previous experiences. Therefore, college can be a place where students experience culture shock and are exposed to new ways of thinking and living. Dualistic thinking, cognitive dissonance, and egocentrism may also occur in college, but they do not necessarily facilitate exploration.

Question 8

Charlie is a male nurse.Which of the following individuals is Charlie most likely to be worried about stigmatizing him?
A) his female supervisor
B) his female co-workers
C) his male friends
D) his wife

Accepted Answer

Charlie is most likely to be worried about stigmatization from his male friends since nursing is typically seen as a female-dominated profession and there is a stereotype that men in nursing are not as masculine. However, this does not necessarily mean that the other options would not potentially stigmatize him as well.

Question 9

Compared to an expert,a novice is more likely to
A) have a superficial understanding of problems.
B) arrive at solutions automatically.
C) approach a problem with an underlying principle in mind.
D) remember and reason effectively.

Accepted Answer

Novices typically have a limited understanding of problems and lack the experience and knowledge that experts have gained through years of practice. They are more likely to have a superficial understanding of a problem, whereas an expert can quickly identify its underlying complexities and nuances.

Question 10

During the fantasy period of vocational development,individuals
A) think about careers in terms of their interests, abilities, and values.
B) gather information about possible careers that blend with their personal characteristics.
C) prefer familiar and exciting career options that bear little relation to the decisions they will eventually make.
D) experiment from time to time with vocational categories before settling on a single occupation.

Accepted Answer

During the fantasy period, individuals often consider careers based on excitement and familiarity, without much regard for practicality or alignment with their future decisions.

Question 11

Shelby is adventurous,persuasive,and a strong leader.According to Holland's six personality types,Shelby is a(n)__________ person.
A) social
B) investigative
C) conventional
D) enterprising

Accepted Answer

According to Holland's six personality types, enterprising individuals are characterized as being adventurous, persuasive, and strong leaders, which matches Shelby's traits.

Question 12

As a college sophomore,Ben pursued an interest in social science,but he had not yet selected a major.Once he decided on history,he considered whether to pursue teaching or museum work.Ben is in the __________ of vocational development.
A) fantasy
B) tentative
C) crystallized
D) realistic

Accepted Answer

The answer of As a college sophomore,Ben pursued an interest...

Question 13

Men __________ than women.
A) make fewer discoveries
B) write fewer books
C) produce more works of art
D) hold fewer leadership positions

Accepted Answer

The answer of Men __________ than women.
A) make fewer discoveries
B)...

Question 14

__________ predicts career attainment beyond SES.
A) Permissive parenting in the high school years
B) Changing majors in college
C) Parental encouragement of the fantasy period of vocational development
D) Parental guidance

Accepted Answer

Parental guidance has been shown to have a significant impact on career attainment beyond socioeconomic status (SES). Parents who provide their children with guidance and support in choosing a career path, developing necessary skills, and creating a network of professional contacts can help them succeed in their chosen fields. In contrast, children who lack parental guidance may struggle to reach their full potential, regardless of their SES.

Question 15

According to Gisella Labouvie-Vief,adulthood involves movement from hypothetical to __________ thought.
A) relativistic
B) epistemic
C) pragmatic
D) dualistic

Accepted Answer

According to Labouvie-Vief, adulthood involves movement from hypothetical to pragmatic thought. Pragmatic thought involves the ability to understand that multiple perspectives can exist simultaneously and that solutions to problems may vary depending on the context.

Question 16

For young adults,__________ is supported by the specialization that begins with selecting a college major or an occupation.
A) relativism
B) dualism
C) expertise
D) pragmatism

Accepted Answer

The specialization that begins with selecting a college major or occupation supports the development of expertise in a particular field. This is particularly true for young adults who are still building their knowledge and skills in their chosen career path. Relativism (A) refers to the belief that knowledge and morality are not absolute and vary depending on the culture and individual perspectives. Dualism (B) is a philosophical concept that suggests reality is made up of two opposing forces, such as mind and matter. Pragmatism (D) is a practical approach that focuses on finding solutions to problems and achieving goals. While these concepts may be relevant to young adults in different contexts, they are not directly related to the specialization process of selecting a college major or occupation.

Question 17

Creative individuals are
A) intolerant of ambiguity.
B) rarely driven to succeed.
C) willing to try again after failure.
D) all highly productive.

Accepted Answer

Creative individuals are known for their willingness to take risks and embrace failure as a learning opportunity. So, they are more likely to try again after experiencing failure. Option A is incorrect because creative individuals have a high tolerance for ambiguity, as they often have to work with incomplete or uncertain information during the creative process. Option B is incorrect because most creative individuals are highly driven and passionate about their work. Option D is incorrect because not all creative individuals are highly productive, and productivity does not necessarily equate to creativity.

Question 18

Bill is a physicist.According to John Holland,he is likely to be a(n)__________ person.
A) artistic
B) conventional
C) investigative
D) social

Accepted Answer

John Holland's theory of career choice states that people are likely to choose and succeed in careers that align with their personality types. The investigative personality type is associated with people who are analytical, curious, and enjoy problem-solving, which aligns with the skills and interests of a physicist like Bill. Therefore, choice C is the best answer.

Question 19

Which of the following college freshmen is the most likely to graduate?
A) Emma, who is emotionally dependent on her parents
B) Luca, who avoids involvement in campus-based social and religious organizations
C) Xiao Ming, who feels that her college community is concerned about her as an individual
D) Kevin, whose parents see little value in a college degree

Accepted Answer

Research shows that students who feel a sense of belonging and connection with their college community are more likely to persist and graduate. Therefore, Xiao Ming, who feels that her college community is concerned about her as an individual, is the most likely to graduate. Emma's emotional dependence on her parents and Kevin's parents' lack of support for a college degree may hinder their success. Luca's avoidance of involvement in campus-based organizations may also limit his sense of belonging and connection to the college community.

Question 20

According to Holland,the __________ person prefers working with objects and tends to choose a mechanical occupation.
A) enterprising
B) realistic
C) conventional
D) artistic

Accepted Answer

The realistic person prefers working with objects and tends to choose a mechanical occupation.

Quiz 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Which of the following statements about the psychological impact of attending college is true?

In high school,__________ tend to have closer relationships with teachers than do other students.

According to Holland,the social person should consider a career in

When asked about her future vocational choice,14-year-old Grace says,"I'm good at math and I like solving problems.But I like helping people.So maybe teaching math or working as an engineer would be good." Grace is in the __________ period of vocational development.

Which of the following statements about men who choose nontraditional careers is true?

Men who enter careers that are dominated by women __________ than men who enter more traditional careers.

To facilitate exploration,college exposes students to a form of

Charlie is a male nurse.Which of the following individuals is Charlie most likely to be worried about stigmatizing him?

Compared to an expert,a novice is more likely to

During the fantasy period of vocational development,individuals

Shelby is adventurous,persuasive,and a strong leader.According to Holland's six personality types,Shelby is a(n) __________ person.

As a college sophomore,Ben pursued an interest in social science,but he had not yet selected a major.Once he decided on history,he considered whether to pursue teaching or museum work.Ben is in the __________ of vocational development.

Men __________ than women.

__________ predicts career attainment beyond SES.

According to Gisella Labouvie-Vief,adulthood involves movement from hypothetical to __________ thought.

For young adults,__________ is supported by the specialization that begins with selecting a college major or an occupation.

Creative individuals are

Bill is a physicist.According to John Holland,he is likely to be a(n) __________ person.

Which of the following college freshmen is the most likely to graduate?

According to Holland,the __________ person prefers working with objects and tends to choose a mechanical occupation.