Question 1

An elementary school teacher would like to see his students reading more books. Provide an example of how he could increase his studenst' reading behaviour through positive reinforcement. How would he do this if he were to utilize negative reinforcement?

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Question 2

Distinguish between implicit and explicit attitudes. Provide an example of each.

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Question 3

Provide the definition of an attitude and describe the three major components an attitude.

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Question 4

What is the name-letter effect? What impact might this effect have on your life?

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Question 5

Dwayne knows smoking is bad for his health, yet continues to smoke. How can you reduce Dwayne's cognitive dissonance and get him to stop smoking? Be sure to include the concept of effort justification in your answer.

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Question 6

Briefly describe two ways in which attitudes can be assessed.

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Question 7

How can observational learning affect the formation of attitudes? Provide an example.

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Question 8

Emotions often follow rather than precede behaviours.

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Research in psychology suggests that emotions may be experienced in response to a behaviour, rather than causing the behaviour itself. For example, someone may feel happy after receiving a compliment, rather than feeling happy causing them to receive a compliment.

Question 9

Briefly describe how classical conditioning can impact attitudes.

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Question 10

You try a new type of food and then you get sick because of the flu. You develop a negative attitude toward that food and feel sick to your stomach every time you see or smell it. Name the type of conditioning described in this example. Identify and describe the unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response.

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Question 11

Sari is afraid of horses. Describe how you could use modelling to reduce her fear.

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Question 12

When evaluating objects and people, research suggests we pay more attention to negative information over positive information. What have researchers proposed as a reason for this tendency? Describe research evidence presented in your textbook to support this view

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Question 13

Jane intends to get a flu shot. According to the theory of planned behaviour, how Jane might have arrived at this decision? Be sure to describe all the components of the theory in your answer.

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Question 14

Suppose you wanted to make people's attitudes towards a new product more favourable. Using the mere exposure effect, describe what you could do to increase people's liking of the product. How could this backfire on you?

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Question 15

Cooper and Fazio proposed a modification to cognitive dissonance theory. Name and describe the four steps that they argue are involved in the arousal and reduction of cognitive dissonance?

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Question 16

Define ambivalence and explain what it means to hold an ambivalent attitude.

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Question 17

Describe self-affirmation theory and explain how it relates to attitude change.

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Quiz 6: Attitudes