Question 1

What is the most likely explanation why electric vehicles did not become popular in the early 1900s?

Accepted Answer

Gas powered cars became the dominant design due to their longer range, faster refueling times, and the discovery of large oil reserves, which made gasoline more accessible and affordable.

Question 2

Which researcher(s) modified the Abernathy and Utterback model by applying it to service businesses?

Accepted Answer

Barras modified the Abernathy and Utterback model by applying it to service businesses, particularly in the context of the service innovation lifecycle.

Question 3

What model predicted that a different model of innovation operated in service industries?

Accepted Answer

The model of reverse product cycle theory predicted that a different model of innovation operated in service industries, focusing on how services evolve differently compared to manufacturing.

Question 4

What is most likely to occur in the second phase of the reverse product cycle theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is most likely to occur in...

Question 5

What is most likely to occur in the third phase of the reverse product cycle theory?

Accepted Answer

In the third phase of the reverse product cycle theory, the technology is used to create new services, leading to radical changes.

Question 6

Which model was developed after observing that, in some cases, incumbent firms had little trouble transitioning to new radical technologies?

Accepted Answer

The model of competence destroying and competence enhancing innovation was developed after observing that, in some cases, incumbent firms had little trouble transitioning to new radical technologies. This model suggests that firms can either be competence destroying or competence enhancing, and that the type of innovation that a firm pursues will depend on its competence profile.

Question 7

A radical technology is ________________ if it makes use of exiting knowledge, skills, abilities, structures, design, production processes and plant and equipment, whereas, it is _____________________ if it undermines the usefulness of these things.

Accepted Answer

A radical technology is competence-enhancing if it builds on existing competencies, and competence-destroying if it renders existing competencies obsolete.

Question 8

Which modification to the Abernathy and Utterback model was developed after noticing that incumbent firms often failed to manage the transition from one technology to another?

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

According to Henderson and Clark, which type of innovation changes the components from which the innovation is created but not the linkage between those components?

Accepted Answer

Modular innovation changes the components of a system but keeps the linkages between those components unchanged.

Question 10

According to Henderson and Clark, which type of innovation is one that changes the linkages between the components but leaves the components intact?

Accepted Answer

Architectural innovation changes the way components are linked together while keeping the components themselves unchanged.

Question 11

According to Henderson and Clark, which of the following is a reason why firms often fail in the face of architectural innovation?

Accepted Answer

Henderson and Clark argue that firms fail in the face of architectural innovation due to a combination of lacking external linkages, failing to recognize the value of new information, and the difficulty of restructuring to adopt the innovation.

Question 12

According to Henderson and Clark, what type of innovation would occur if core concepts were reinforced and linkages were unchanged?

Accepted Answer

Incremental innovation occurs when both the core concepts and the linkages between them remain unchanged, leading to improvements or refinements of existing products or processes.

Question 13

According to Henderson and Clark, what type of innovation would occur if core concepts were overturned and linkages were unchanged?

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

According to Henderson and Clark, what type of innovation would occur if core concepts were reinforced and linkages were changed?

Accepted Answer

Architectural innovation occurs when the core concepts remain the same but the linkages between them are changed.

Question 15

What modification to the Abernathy and Utterback model resulted after it was noticed that incumbent firms were often the very firms that invented the radical new technologies that they were unable to adopt?

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

The case of the radical new technology used in memory chips, magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM), is a good example to which modification to the Abernathy and Utterback model?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The case of the radical new technology...

Question 17

Describe the evolutionary pattern of technological advance and development.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

Compare and contrast radical and incremental change.

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Define a technology S-curve, explain why it is important, describe what leads to a shift in the S-curve, and explain the pros and cons of using technology S-curves.

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

Describe the Abernathy-Utterback model of technology innovation and describe the modifications that have been proposed to the model to increase its relevance.

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 2: Technology Evolution