Question 1

The philosophical approach of empiricism held that differences in human capabilities are due to

Accepted Answer

Empiricism is the philosophical belief that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience, suggesting that differences in human capabilities are due to experience rather than innate qualities or genetics.

Question 2

The philosophies of Augustine and Rousseau agree that development is a conflict between internal and external events. Which of the following best represents the major disagreement between these two world views?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

Christian doctrine dominated Western philosophy before the seventeenth century. According to this view of human nature, children were born

Accepted Answer

Christian doctrine, particularly the concept of original sin, held that children were born with an immoral nature, inheriting sin from Adam and Eve.

Question 4

Keesha has two children. She spends many hours engaged with them and their activities. She has strict rules including bedtimes and TV restrictions. With which philosophical tradition does Keesha's parenting style agree?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Keesha has two children. She spends many...

Question 5

The first scientific study of child development was conducted by

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first scientific study of child development...

Question 6

The Planning Committee for a new preschool held many discussions centered on the underlying philosophy which would direct the program's structure and activities. It was agreed that children are naturally good and will involve themselves in positive growth activities. With which philosopher did the committee agree?

Accepted Answer

The committee's belief that children are naturally good aligns with the philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who argued that humans are inherently good and that society corrupts them.

Question 7

Darwin wrote that evolution occurred by natural selection. Human development he concluded occurs due to

Accepted Answer

Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection implies that human development is influenced by both biological and environmental factors, as these interact to shape the traits and behaviors that are advantageous for survival and reproduction.

Question 8

Contemporary Developmental Science employs a multidisciplinary perspective. Research and theories from many fields, such as psychology, anthropology, economics, and biology, are employed. Which of the following topics unifies these different approaches in their study of development?

Accepted Answer

Age-related changes are a central focus in developmental science, unifying various disciplines as they explore how individuals grow and change throughout their lifespan.

Question 9

Darwin proposed that the scientific study of children would be useful for

Accepted Answer

Darwin believed that studying children could provide insights into the evolutionary development of humans, as he saw parallels between child development and the evolutionary history of the species.

Question 10

Which of the following periods of development did G. S. Hall introduce?

Accepted Answer

G. Stanley Hall is credited with introducing the concept of "adolescence" as a distinct stage of development in his work on the psychology of adolescence.

Question 11

The establishment of developmental norms was important for the field as norms demonstrated

Accepted Answer

Developmental norms are benchmarks that indicate typical age-related changes in behavior and abilities, helping to understand the progression of development.

Question 12

Norms are best employed when assessing milestones in children's________ domain.

Accepted Answer

Norms are standardized benchmarks used to assess physical milestones, such as height and weight, in children's physical development.

Question 13

Conscientious parents should use norms as___ when assessing their child's development.

Accepted Answer

Norms are standards that provide a basis for comparison. They can be used as gauges to assess a child's development and to identify areas where the child may need additional support.

Question 14

The idea of stages implies

Accepted Answer

Stages imply qualitative change, as they represent distinct phases where new abilities or characteristics emerge that are different from previous stages.

Question 15

Peer interactions are a topic of particular interest for researchers studying the_____ domain.

Accepted Answer

Peer interactions are primarily studied within the socioemotional domain as they involve social skills, emotional regulation, and relationship building.

Question 16

The only period of development with clear biological boundaries is

Accepted Answer

The prenatal period has clear biological boundaries, starting with conception and ending with birth.

Question 17

An example of a developmental change thought to be caused by maturation is

Accepted Answer

Walking is considered a developmental change caused by maturation because it typically occurs as a result of biological growth and development, rather than being taught or learned through experience.

Question 18

Nature is to _____ as nurture is to_____

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nature is to _____ as nurture is...

Question 19

Contemporary developmental researchers acknowledge the importance of the internal model of experience when considering nurture factors of development. The internal model of experience would be studied as part of which domain?

Accepted Answer

The internal model of experience is a cognitive construct that refers to the way individuals represent and organize their experiences. It is studied as part of the cognitive domain of development.

Question 20

Several periods of development do not have clear biological boundaries. Rather, their limits are determined by

Accepted Answer

Cultural norms and practices often define the stages of development, influencing when certain milestones are expected to be reached.

Quiz 1: Basic Concepts and Methods