Question 1

Twins that come from the same sperm and egg are referred to as _____ twins.

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins are formed from the same sperm and egg, resulting in genetically identical twins.

Question 2

Twins that come from the union of two sperm with two separate eggs are referred to as _____ twins.

Accepted Answer

Dizygotic twins are formed when two separate eggs are fertilized by two separate sperm, resulting in two genetically unique siblings.

Question 3

The statistic that assesses the degree to which a trait is heritable is the

Accepted Answer

The heritability coefficient is a statistic that measures the extent to which genetic factors contribute to individual differences in a trait within a population.

Question 4

A heritability coefficient of 0.97 is obtained. What would you conclude?

Accepted Answer

A heritability coefficient of 0.97 suggests that 97% of the variation in the trait within the studied population is due to genetic differences, indicating the trait is almost entirely genetically determined.

Question 5

Studies on the heritability of personality characteristics in twins have revealed heritability estimates of:

Accepted Answer

Heritability estimates for personality traits typically range from 0.15 to 0.50, indicating a moderate genetic influence.

Question 6

Which of the following appears to have a genetic influence?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that genetic factors can influence a wide range of human behaviors and traits, including vocational interests, job satisfaction, and even the likelihood of divorce.

Question 7

A heritability coefficient in the range of 50 percent means

Accepted Answer

The answer of A heritability coefficient in the range of...

Question 8

A change in gene frequencies within a given population over many generations is the definition of:

Accepted Answer

Evolution is the change in gene frequencies within a given population over many generations.

Question 9

The theory of evolution by natural selection as written in the book, The Origin of Species, was proposed by:

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection in his book, The Origin of Species.

Question 10

The idea that human behavior must be understood in the context of evolutionary and adaptive significance is known as

Accepted Answer

The answer of The idea that human behavior must be...

Question 11

The idea that children are born ìknowingî the features that are universal to language was proposed by:

Accepted Answer

Noam Chomsky proposed the theory of Universal Grammar, suggesting that children are born with an innate understanding of the principles common to all languages.

Question 12

The neural structures for acquiring language that children are born with are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Language acquisition devices are theoretical constructs proposed by Noam Chomsky, suggesting that children are born with innate neural structures that facilitate the learning of language.

Question 13

Precursors to vertebrates, probably fishlike, had brains which:

Accepted Answer

Precursors to vertebrates likely had simple brains without a sophisticated central executive, which is a feature of more advanced vertebrate brains.

Question 14

Which of the following is one of the parts of the brain stem?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is one of...

Question 15

The part of the brain used in complex thoughts is the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The part of the brain used in...

Question 16

The surface of the cerebrum is called the:

Accepted Answer

The surface of the cerebrum is called the cortex.

Question 17

Cloning humans has not been successful because of which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cloning humans has not been successful because...

Question 18

Which is NOT an argument against cloning?

Accepted Answer

Replicative fading is not a commonly cited argument against cloning. It refers to the gradual loss of genetic information over successive generations of cloning, but it is not a primary ethical or social concern like the other options.

Question 19

Because the neuron is considered to be the basic building block of the nervous system, it is important that you understand the neuron thoroughly. For that reason, draw a neuron, labels the parts, and state the function of each part.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because the neuron is considered to be...

Question 20

What happens when a neuron fires? Make sure your answer includes a description of the ion distribution involved in the resting potential, the graded potential, and the action potential.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What happens when a neuron fires? Make...

Quiz 3: Biological Bases of Behavior