Question 1

Existentialism, according to Jean-Paul Sartre, proposed:

Accepted Answer

Existentialism, according to Jean-Paul Sartre, proposed that people must create themselves, that because we are ever-changing, the idea of personality is nonsense, and that personality exists only if we have no choice.

Question 2

The idea that there are no constants in life but death and taxes is in accordance with:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The idea that there are no constants...

Question 3

I believe that the greatest thing about publishing is that my thoughts and ideas will exist forever even though I will physically no longer exist. In a certain respect, I will be immortal through my published research. My belief is akin to:

Accepted Answer

Becker's theory, particularly in his book "The Denial of Death," suggests that humans seek to achieve symbolic immortality through their works and contributions, which aligns with the belief of achieving immortality through published research.

Question 4

According to existential theory, people may try to commit themselves to cultural or religious beliefs because

Accepted Answer

Existential theory suggests that people commit to cultural or religious beliefs to cope with the anxiety and fear associated with the awareness of their own mortality.

Question 5

According to the authors of your textbook, which is NOT a limitation of the humanistic approach?

Accepted Answer

The humanistic approach is often criticized for not offering a comprehensive theory of personality and for lacking testable hypotheses and research, but it is not typically criticized for relying too heavily on questionnaires.

Question 6

The Greek physician _____ argued that personality is primarily inherited.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Greek physician _____ argued that personality...

Question 7

Which of the following refers to the proportion of variance in a particular trait that is due to genetic influences?

Accepted Answer

Heritability refers to the proportion of variance in a trait within a population that can be attributed to genetic differences among individuals.

Question 8

Which of the following factors in the Five Factor Model is believed to be the least heritable?

Accepted Answer

Agreeableness is generally considered to be the least heritable of the five factors, with environmental influences playing a larger role compared to the other traits.

Question 9

Which of the factors in the Five Factor Model is believed to be the most heritable?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the factors in the Five...

Question 10

The Minnesota study of twins reared together and apart indicated a heritability index of about _____ for most personality traits for monozygotic twins.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Minnesota study of twins reared together...

Question 11

Research has found that extraversion and neuroticism:

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that both extraversion and neuroticism are influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, with genetics playing a significant role but not being the sole determinant.

Question 12

Within one family, two siblings may be differentially affected by the same events. For example, one child of an abusive parent may strive to achieve to earn that parent's positive regard, while another child may become withdrawn and strive to be unnoticed by the abusive parent. A cording to your textbook, this demonstrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is A because the passage states that "this demonstrates the importance of the flexibility with which humans react to similar situations."

Question 13

With regard to personality and culture, what is believed to be true?

Accepted Answer

There is consistency in many traits across cultures, different cultures have unique perspectives on personality, and every culture has some understanding of personality.

Question 14

The Cheyenne of North America and Freud are similar in their ideas on personality in that both believe:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Cheyenne of North America and Freud...

Question 15

The culture pattern approach argues that:

Accepted Answer

Culture shapes the individual because it provides the individual with a set of values, beliefs, and norms that guide their behavior.

Question 16

The interactionist approach best fits which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The interactionist approach emphasizes the reciprocal relationship between individuals and culture, where both influence and shape each other.

Question 17

What are the most important goals of personality psychologists? Explain how these goals can be achieved using psychodynamic theory. How can they be achieved using cognitive-social theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the most important goals of...

Question 18

Throughout his career, Freud developed a number of models through which he sought to understand the unconscious counter-will. His first model, the topographic model, used a spatial metaphor that divided mental processes into three types. Name these three types and identify the distinguishing features of each one.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Throughout his career, Freud developed a number...

Question 19

It can be argued that each personality theory has its strengths. However, each personality theory has one or more weaknesses. What are the weaknesses of the psychodynamic, humanistic, and cognitive-social approaches?

Accepted Answer

The answer of It can be argued that each personality...

Question 20

Trait theories, unlike psychodynamic approaches, were largely derived from the words people use to describe themselves and the people in their everyday lives. The trait approach to personality has several advantages, but also a number of limitations. Provide an overview of the trait approach; then, describe its advantages and limitations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Trait theories, unlike psychodynamic approaches, were largely...

Quiz 12: Personality