Question 1

Studies exploring the correlations between IQ scores of individuals on the basis of their degree of genetic relationship have found that

Accepted Answer

Identical twins reared apart showing higher correlations than fraternal twins reared together supports the significant role of genetics in determining IQ, as identical twins share more genetic material than fraternal twins.

Question 2

Several decades ago, the gap between the IQ scores of African Americans and White Americans was estimated to be about 15 IQ points. Research from 2002 suggests that in 30 years that gap closed by about ________ points.

Accepted Answer

Research from 2002 indicates that over a period of 30 years, the gap in IQ scores between African Americans and White Americans closed by about 4 to 7 points.

Question 3

In terms of the relationship between heredity and race, all of the following have been found EXCEPT for which one?

Accepted Answer

The consensus among researchers is that intelligence (IQ) is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, but the assertion that IQ differences between races are strongly genetic and responsible for IQ gaps is widely disputed and not supported by the majority of scientific research. The idea that race is a social construct and that heredity alone cannot explain IQ differences is more widely accepted.  Heredity does not constitute an adequate explanation for IQ differences between racial and ethnic groups. Environment plays a significant part.

Question 4

Because of the strict provisions of her religion, a child learns to listen respectfully to authority figures rather than expressing her own opinions. If this child goes to school in which students are expected to speak assertively, she is likely to

Accepted Answer

The child's learned behavior of listening respectfully rather than speaking assertively may conflict with the expectations in a school environment that values assertiveness. This difference in behavior could lead to the child being viewed somewhat negatively by the teacher, who might interpret the child's reticence as lack of engagement or confidence.  The negative assessment comes from a teacher's assessment of the child within a particular cultural norm. What is a valued communication skill in one culture becomes a negative assessment of academic skills in a culture that does not value the same communication style.

Question 5

Suppose that a man is a member of a social group that is stereotypically expected to lack a specific type of ability. When the man takes a test he knows is designed for that ability, he is likely to perform ________, demonstrating an effect known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Stereotype threat refers to the risk of confirming negative stereotypes about an individual's racial, ethnic, gender, or cultural group, which can harm performance in a relevant area. In this scenario, knowing about the stereotype and the test's focus can lead to increased anxiety and pressure, often resulting in poorer performance.  A stereotype threat is the risk one has of confirming a negative stereotype of one's group. The belief that the stereotype is relevant can bring about poor performance.

Question 6

According to the textbook, the primary goal of psychological assessment is to

Accepted Answer

The primary goal of psychological assessment is to make accurate assessments of people as free from errors as possible. This involves gathering and interpreting data about an individual to understand their behavior, abilities, and characteristics, aiming for precision and reliability in the evaluation process.  This goal is achieved by replacing subjective judgments with more objective measures that have been carefully constructed and are open to critical evaluation.

Question 7

With respect to the tendency to label people as a result of test outcomes, the authors of the textbook believe that labels often lead to

Accepted Answer

People think of themselves as the IQ, and come to believe that their mental and personal qualities are fixed and unchangeable. Labels can be very negative when they lead an individual and those around him/her to believe that the individual cannot become better educated or improve his/her lot in life.

Question 8

According to research conducted in 2011, people with average ________ intelligence showed increased activity in the frontal lobes of their brains when problems they were solving grew harder. People with higher levels of the same type of intelligence did not show the same increases in frontal lobe activity.

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence involves the capacity to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge. The 2011 research findings suggest that individuals with average fluid intelligence exert more effort, as indicated by increased frontal lobe activity, when solving harder problems, compared to those with higher fluid intelligence who may solve such problems more efficiently with less increase in brain activity.

Question 9

In Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, three types of intelligence are suggested, including ________, ________, and ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence,...

Question 10

Claude Steele has argued that stereotype _________ can impact people's performance on ability tests. This refers to being at risk for confirming a negative stereotype of one's group.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Claude Steele has argued that stereotype _________...

Quiz 9: Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment