Question 1

Wives' earnings in upper-income families have reduced the degree of income inequality between families.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Wives' earnings in upper-income families have reduced...

Question 2

When wives earn more than their husbands, husbands tend to increase their level of housework.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that when wives earn more than their husbands, it can lead to a decrease in the amount of housework husbands do, possibly due to traditional gender norms and dynamics.

Question 3

Mothers who work full-time value motherhood more than those who do not work.

Accepted Answer

Valuing motherhood is subjective and not necessarily linked to employment status. Both working and non-working mothers can value motherhood equally.

Question 4

In general, men are more highly concentrated in white-collar and service occupations than women.

Accepted Answer

Women are generally more concentrated in white-collar and service occupations, while men are more represented in blue-collar and manual labor jobs.

Question 5

The abuse and exploitation of nannies is a "dirty little secret" of middle and upper-class America.

Accepted Answer

The phrase "dirty little secret" suggests that the abuse and exploitation of nannies is a widespread but often unacknowledged issue among middle and upper-class families in America.

Question 6

Because they are often difficult to get, women in positions of authority tend to stay in these positions for long periods of time.

Accepted Answer

The duration women stay in positions of authority can vary widely and is influenced by numerous factors, including organizational culture, personal career goals, and external opportunities, rather than just the difficulty of obtaining such positions.

Question 7

The peripheral sector is largely made up of small, less stable, local, nonunionized organizations that lack a clear career ladder, while the core consists of the larger, stable, multimarket, unionized organizations with
career systems.

Accepted Answer

The peripheral sector typically includes smaller, less stable organizations with fewer career advancement opportunities, while the core sector consists of larger, more stable organizations with structured career paths and union presence.

Question 8

The number of businesses owned by women and their revenues has increased significantly since the 1970s.

Accepted Answer

The number of women-owned businesses and their revenues has grown significantly since the 1970s due to increased opportunities, support, and changing societal norms.

Question 9

Among mothers, valuing motherhood and achievement in work are negatively related to each other.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that many mothers value both motherhood and achievement in work, and these values can coexist without being negatively related.

Question 10

The increased presence of written rules, tasks, and procedures in an organization appears to have a positive effect on the number of women hired by the organization. (p.101)

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that formalized procedures can reduce bias and promote equality, potentially leading to more women being hired.

Question 11

Lower motivation and work effort on the part of women appear to be significant factors in accounting for their lower wages. (p.102)

Accepted Answer

This statement is a stereotype and not supported by evidence. Wage disparities are more accurately attributed to factors such as discrimination, occupational segregation, and differences in work experience or hours worked.

Question 12

In their study of the top 100 U.S. films in 2002, Lauzen and Dozier (2005) found that although men were more likely to be depicted in leadership positions, women were more likely to be the leading characters.

Accepted Answer

Lauzen and Dozier's study found that men were more likely to be depicted in both leadership positions and as leading characters in the top 100 U.S. films in 2002.

Question 13

In primary and secondary schools, females are more likely than males to be ignored by their teachers.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that female students are more likely to be ignored by their teachers in primary and secondary schools. This is due to a number of factors, including gender bias and the fact that boys are often seen as being more disruptive and in need of attention.

Question 14

Many of the differences in the communication patterns of men and women are related to differences in power rather than to the sex of the communicators.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that communication differences often stem from social power dynamics and roles rather than inherent gender differences.

Question 15

A recent study of college textbooks from several decades in the areas of human sexuality and marriage and the family concluded that the proportion of traditional photographs of women's roles had drastically changed by the 1990s.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A recent study of college textbooks from...

Question 16

While the sex of an individual is seen as biological, gender is seen as a social or cultural construction.

Accepted Answer

Sex refers to biological differences, while gender refers to roles, behaviors, and identities shaped by society and culture.

Question 17

Expectations for attitudes and behaviors from members of each sex are basically the same around the world.

Accepted Answer

Cultural norms and expectations for gender roles vary significantly across different societies and cultures around the world.

Question 18

According to Chafetz, the more the time women have to spend on child-rearing activities, the higher the degree of sex stratification will be.

Accepted Answer

Chafetz's theory suggests that increased time spent by women on child-rearing can lead to greater sex stratification, as it reinforces traditional gender roles and limits women's opportunities in other areas such as work and education.

Question 19

According to Sanday's ecological theory of male dominance, a society that depends equally on hunting and gathering is more likely to produce a sex-based division of labor.

Accepted Answer

Sanday's ecological theory suggests that societies with a heavy reliance on hunting tend to have a more pronounced sex-based division of labor, whereas societies that depend equally on hunting and gathering are less likely to have such a division.

Question 20

Sanday argued that Western colonialism gave women a higher status they held in traditional societies.

Accepted Answer

Sanday's research often highlights how colonialism disrupted traditional societies, sometimes diminishing the status women held in those societies.

Quiz 5: Sex and Gender Inequality