Question 1

How is prenatal androgen exposure related to differences in later behavior?

Accepted Answer

Higher levels of prenatal androgens have been linked to more aggressive behavior in both males and females, according to research in behavioral endocrinology. This suggests that prenatal hormone exposure can influence certain behavioral traits across genders.

Question 2

The concept of __________ suggests that behaviors and thoughts evolve as a result of their usefulness for survival, and is used to both explain and justify the dominant position of men and the submissive position of women.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The concept of __________ suggests that behaviors...

Question 3

The functionalists view women's __________ as central to their lives, precluding their development of other pursuits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The functionalists view women's __________ as central...

Question 4

__________ is determined at the moment of conception when the female's egg with its X chromosome joins with the male sperm with its X or Y chromosome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is determined at the moment of...

Question 5

Individuals with __________ are born with a single X chromosome; they have female external genitals but no ovaries.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Individuals with __________ are born with a...

Question 6

Female embryos that are prenatally exposed to an excess of androgen develop into __________, and are born with either masculine genitals or ambiguous genitalia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Female embryos that are prenatally exposed to...

Question 7

According to Freud, as a result of the __________, a boy learns to identify with the father, thereby taking on his father's personality traits, while additionally being able to possess his mother vicariously through his father's experience.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Freud, as a result of...

Question 8

A boy's __________ is enhanced by the importance of his penis for pleasure, threats from his parents about masturbation, and the fact that he has noted that girls do not have a penis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A boy's __________ is enhanced by the...

Question 9

According to Freud, when girls discover they do not have a penis they suffer from _______, in which girls become overwhelmed with feelings of inferiority and jealousy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Freud, when girls discover they...

Question 10

Gender __________ theory argues that our culture and gender-role socialization provide us with organized mental structures that delineate our understanding of the abilities of, appropriate behaviors of, and appropriate situations for men and women.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gender __________ theory argues that our culture...

Question 11

The __________ Inventory is used to classified individuals as feminine, masculine, androgynous, or undifferentiated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ Inventory is used to classified...

Question 12

An individual who has both feminine and masculine traits is described by the term __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An individual who has both feminine and...

Question 13

According to __________ theory, social behaviors that differ between the sexes are embedded in social roles; that is, the different roles in which men and women find themselves specify their behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to __________ theory, social behaviors that...

Question 14

Brenda Major's work emphasizes that individuals tend to make same sex comparisons known as __________ comparisons when evaluating their behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Brenda Major's work emphasizes that individuals tend...

Question 15

__________ tend to do better on visual and spatial tasks while __________ have more advanced verbal abilities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ tend to do better on visual...

Question 16

What are two broad areas of research that lead us to believe that some behavioral/personality characteristics may be biologically (genetically/hormonally) determined? Give one specific example of research that points to this conclusion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are two broad areas of research...

Question 17

In cases where one's genetic sex (XX vs. XY) does not match one's external genitalia, one might be raised in accordance with one's outward appearance. How does the fact that this is often quite successful speak to the power of socialization and expectations in gender formation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In cases where one's genetic sex (XX...

Question 18

How might the psychoanalytic approach to personality be viewed as biologically based?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How might the psychoanalytic approach to personality...

Question 19

Give one example of how a gender difference in sexual behavior might be acquired through learning processes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give one example of how a gender...

Question 20

Describe three specific examples of how you "learned" to be either male or female. Who were your primary teachers?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe three specific examples of how you...

Quiz 11: Male-Female Differences