Question 1

Multiple personality disorder (or dissociative identity disorder) is a form of schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Multiple personality disorder, now known as dissociative identity disorder (DID), is a separate condition from schizophrenia. DID is characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states, while schizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects a person's ability to think, feel, and behave clearly, often involving hallucinations and delusions.

Question 2

Culture-bound syndromes are defined by the DSM-IV as highly unusual psychological disorders that appear to be specific to only one or a few cultures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Culture-bound syndromes are defined by the DSM-IV...

Question 3

Many culture-bound syndromes are similar to phobias and some appear to be instrumental in reducing stress or anxiety.

Accepted Answer

Culture-bound syndromes often manifest symptoms similar to phobias and can serve as coping mechanisms, helping individuals manage stress or anxiety within their specific cultural context.

Question 4

A person who repeatedly lies and steals, has a low tolerance of boredom, and lacks any kind of guilty feelings may suffer from a passive-aggressive personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

The behaviors described are more indicative of Antisocial Personality Disorder, not Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder. Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder is characterized by a pattern of negative attitudes and passive resistance to demands for adequate performance.

Question 5

Among different types of personality disorder are paranoid, histrionic and narcissistic personality disorders.

Accepted Answer

Paranoid, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders are all recognized types of personality disorders, each characterized by distinct patterns of thinking and behavior.

Question 6

Psychopaths are typically good at learning to avoid aversive stimuli.

Accepted Answer

Psychopaths often have difficulty learning from punishment or negative feedback, which means they are not typically good at learning to avoid aversive stimuli.

Question 7

Binge drinkers usually begin their alcohol consumption early in life and often have fathers who show a similar pattern of alcoholism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Binge drinkers usually begin their alcohol consumption...

Question 8

The brains of steady drinkers appear to contain an under-sensitive punishment mechanism.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the brains of steady drinkers may adapt to the effects of alcohol over time, leading to an under-sensitive punishment mechanism. This means they may have a reduced sensitivity to negative outcomes or punishments, which can contribute to continued drinking despite adverse consequences.

Question 9

A delusion is considered to be a positive symptom of schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

A delusion is considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia because it represents an excess or distortion of normal functions, such as having false beliefs despite evidence to the contrary. Positive symptoms add behaviors or thoughts, such as delusions and hallucinations, that are not typically experienced by individuals without the disorder.

Question 10

If a woman suffering from schizophrenia believed that her behaviour was not voluntary but was being dictated by communications from the Prime Minister's Office, she would be demonstrating delusions of grandeur.

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes delusions of control or influence, not delusions of grandeur. Delusions of grandeur involve beliefs of inflated worth, power, knowledge, identity, or a special relationship with a deity or famous person.

Question 11

One symptom of disorganized schizophrenia is inappropriate emotion.

Accepted Answer

Inappropriate emotion, such as laughing or crying at improper times, is a symptom of disorganized schizophrenia, reflecting the disorder's impact on emotional expression.

Question 12

A child whose parents are both schizophrenic has about a 50 percent chance of developing the disorder.

Accepted Answer

A child with both parents diagnosed with schizophrenia has approximately a 40% chance of developing the disorder, not 50%.

Question 13

The diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia holds that both heredity and environment contribute to the development of schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

The diathesis-stress model suggests that schizophrenia develops due to a combination of genetic vulnerability (diathesis) and environmental stressors.

Question 14

The negative symptoms of schizophrenia seem to be associated with loss of brain tissue, which implies the presence of some sort of neurological problem.

Accepted Answer

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia, such as lack of motivation, social withdrawal, and diminished emotional expression, have been linked to structural brain abnormalities, including loss of brain tissue, suggesting an underlying neurological component to the disorder.

Question 15

Low levels of expressed emotion are correlated with the onset of reactive schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Low levels of expressed emotion in a family are generally associated with better outcomes for individuals with schizophrenia, not the onset of the condition. High levels of expressed emotion in the family environment are more closely correlated with relapse and poor outcomes in schizophrenia.

Question 16

The most severe form of depression is called dysthymia.

Accepted Answer

Dysthymia, now known as Persistent Depressive Disorder, is a chronic form of depression but is generally considered less severe than Major Depressive Disorder, which is often viewed as the most severe form of depression.

Question 17

People with severe depression often experience delusions.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with severe depression can experience psychotic symptoms, including delusions, which are false beliefs that are not based in reality.

Question 18

According to Beck, the only major difficulty encountered by depressed persons is their tendency to fail to appreciate the positive experience that they have.

Accepted Answer

According to Beck, depressed individuals not only fail to appreciate positive experiences but also tend to magnify negative experiences and engage in negative self-evaluation, which are key aspects of his cognitive theory of depression.

Question 19

A diathesis-stress model of depression suggests that it is most likely to occur when those who have a pessimistic outlook encounter significant negative life events.

Accepted Answer

The diathesis-stress model posits that depression (and other psychological disorders) results from the interaction between a pre-existing vulnerability (diathesis) and stressful life events. A pessimistic outlook can be considered a vulnerability that, when combined with significant negative life events, increases the likelihood of developing depression.

Question 20

The major biochemical account of depression is the dopamine hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The major biochemical theory of depression is the serotonin hypothesis, which suggests that depression is caused by a deficiency in serotonin levels, not dopamine.

Quiz 17: The Nature and Causes of Psychological Disorders