Question 1

When NMDA channels are opened,they allow the passage of charged _________ ions.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of When NMDA channels are opened,they allow the...

Question 2

The major inhibitory neurochemical of the central nervous system is​

Accepted Answer

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system. It works by binding to receptor sites in the brain and reducing neuronal activity, helping to prevent overexcitement and seizures. Glutamate, serotonin, and acetylcholine are all excitatory neurotransmitters that increase neuronal activity in the brain.

Question 3

Viagra and other erectile dysfunction medications usually act by enhancing the activity of​

Accepted Answer

Viagra and other erectile dysfunction medications act by enhancing the activity of nitric oxide (NO), which causes relaxation of smooth muscle cells in the penis, allowing for increased blood flow and erection.

Question 4

The NMDA receptor,kainate receptor,and AMPA receptor all respond to​

Accepted Answer

The NMDA receptor, kainate receptor, and AMPA receptor are all ionotropic receptors that respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate. Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, responsible for facilitating communication between neurons. The NMDA receptor is typically involved in long-term potentiation and synaptic plasticity, while the kainate and AMPA receptors play a more immediate role in neurotransmission.

Question 5

When at rest,the NMDA receptor is blocked by ________ ions.​

Accepted Answer

The NMDA receptor is blocked by magnesium ions when at rest. This blockage is necessary to prevent the influx of calcium ions into the cell, which could result in excitotoxicity and cell death. When the appropriate neurotransmitter binds to the receptor, the blockage is lifted and calcium ions are allowed to flow into the cell.

Question 6

Which of the following is the true statement about gaseous neurotransmitters?​

Accepted Answer

Gaseous neurotransmitters, such as nitric oxide, can diffuse freely across membranes and may act in a retrograde manner, transferring information from a postsynaptic neuron to a presynaptic neuron.

Question 7

Which of the following substances is not a neuropeptide?​

Accepted Answer

Adenosine is not a neuropeptide, it is a nucleoside that acts as a neuromodulator. Oxytocin, vasopressin, and insulin are all neuropeptides that play important roles in various physiological processes.

Question 8

Adenosine is​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adenosine is​ 
...

Question 9

Within the brain,nitric oxide (NO)​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Within the brain,nitric oxide (NO)​ 
...

Question 10

A neuropeptide involved with the perception of pain is​

Accepted Answer

Substance P is a neuropeptide that is involved in the perception of pain. It plays a role in the transmission of pain signals from the periphery to the central nervous system. Substance P is also involved in other physiological processes, such as inflammation and mood regulation.

Question 11

Glutamate can be toxic to neurons because​

Accepted Answer

Glutamate can be toxic to neurons because excessive stimulation of NMDA receptors allows excess calcium into the cell, which can stimulate harmful levels of enzyme activity, leading to neuronal death.

Question 12

Zoloft® is a drug that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin.This action makes this drug a(n) _________ for serotonin.​

Accepted Answer

Zoloft® is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), which means it works as an agonist for serotonin. An agonist is a molecule that binds to a receptor and activates it, mimicking the effects of a natural neurotransmitter. In this case, Zoloft® binds to serotonin transporters, preventing the reuptake of serotonin and increasing its levels in the synaptic cleft, leading to increased activation of serotonin receptors.

Question 13

Which of the following substances is involved most directly with the perception of pain?​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following substances is involved...

Question 14

Which of the following receptors is both voltage-dependent and ligand-dependent?​

Accepted Answer

NMDA receptors are both voltage-dependent and ligand-dependent. They require the binding of both a neurotransmitter (ligand) and the presence of a specific voltage gradient across the membrane for activation. AMPA and kainate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels but are not voltage-dependent, while muscarinic receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors that are only ligand-dependent.

Question 15

Which of the following neurotransmitters is a byproduct of the energy molecule ATP?​

Accepted Answer

Adenosine is a byproduct of the breakdown of ATP, however, it is not technically a neurotransmitter. It does have effects on neuronal activity and is involved in sleep regulation. Glycine, GABA, and glutamate are all amino acid neurotransmitters.

Question 16

The formation of long-term memories may involve ________ receptors.​

Accepted Answer

NMDA receptors are involved in the formation of long-term memories. These receptors play a crucial role in synaptic plasticity and are activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate. Activation of the NMDA receptor allows for the entry of calcium ions into the postsynaptic neuron, which can trigger signaling pathways that lead to changes in synaptic strength and the formation of new synaptic connections.

Question 17

Jennifer enjoys Asian food,but carefully avoids the food additive MSG.If she eats it by mistake,she experiences a rapid pulse,chest pain,and nausea.Jennifer's symptoms result from activity of which of the following neurotransmitters?​

Accepted Answer

Jennifer's symptoms result from the activity of glutamate, as MSG is a form of glutamate that can overstimulate nerve cells and cause symptoms such as those described. The other neurotransmitters listed (GABA, serotonin, and dopamine) do not play a significant role in MSG sensitivity.

Question 18

Adenosine often acts to _________ of other neurochemicals.​

Accepted Answer

Adenosine is known to inhibit the release of other neurochemicals, including neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and acetylcholine. This is because adenosine acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter itself, which means that it can dampen down the activity of other neurons in the brain. As such, adenosine is sometimes referred to as an "endogenous neuromodulator", since it can modify the activity of other neurotransmitter systems in the brain.

Question 19

Endogenous morphines (endorphins)are examples of​

Accepted Answer

Endogenous morphines (endorphins) are neuropeptides.

Question 20

(see Figure 4.11c)​
 
-This image illustrates the activation of which of the following types of receptor?​

Accepted Answer

The image shows the activation of an ionotropic glutamate receptor, which allows the flow of ions into the cell to facilitate neuronal signaling. Based on the characteristic shape of the receptor and the presence of a co-agonist binding site, the receptor in this image is most likely an NMDA glutamate receptor.

Quiz 4: Psychopharmacology

When NMDA channels are opened,they allow the passage of charged _________ ions.

The major inhibitory neurochemical of the central nervous system is

Viagra and other erectile dysfunction medications usually act by enhancing the activity of

The NMDA receptor,kainate receptor,and AMPA receptor all respond to

When at rest,the NMDA receptor is blocked by ________ ions.

Which of the following is the true statement about gaseous neurotransmitters?

Which of the following substances is not a neuropeptide?

Adenosine is

Within the brain,nitric oxide (NO)

A neuropeptide involved with the perception of pain is

Glutamate can be toxic to neurons because

Zoloft® is a drug that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin.This action makes this drug a(n) _________ for serotonin.

Which of the following substances is involved most directly with the perception of pain?

Which of the following receptors is both voltage-dependent and ligand-dependent?

Which of the following neurotransmitters is a byproduct of the energy molecule ATP?

The formation of long-term memories may involve ________ receptors.

Jennifer enjoys Asian food,but carefully avoids the food additive MSG.If she eats it by mistake,she experiences a rapid pulse,chest pain,and nausea.Jennifer's symptoms result from activity of which of the following neurotransmitters?

Adenosine often acts to _________ of other neurochemicals.

Endogenous morphines (endorphins) are examples of

(see Figure 4.11c) -This image illustrates the activation of which of the following types of receptor?