Question 1

How we think about ourselves and the social world is known as _______ _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How we think about ourselves and the...

Question 2

_______ _______ is a mental shortcut in which we make a judgment based on the ease with which we can bring something to mind.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ _______ is a mental shortcut in...

Question 3

______ are mental structures that organize our knowledge about the world and influence our interpretations about people and events.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______ are mental structures that organize our...

Question 4

The process by which recent experiences increase the accessibility of a given trait or concept is known as _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process by which recent experiences increase...

Question 5

An error in availability and representativeness heuristics and in which one ignores the numerical frequency of events when estimating that likelihood is known as ______ _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An error in availability and representativeness heuristics...

Question 6

The tendency to classify someone or something based on its similarity to a typical case is known as ___________ heuristic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The tendency to classify someone or something...

Question 7

The tendency to imagine alternative outcomes to various events is known as _______ thinking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The tendency to imagine alternative outcomes to...

Question 8

An influence on decision making in which your beliefs are influenced by what you have seen or heard is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The answer of An influence on decision making in which...

Question 9

On holiday in Florida in November, Oscar noticed several people swimming in the ocean. When he talked to them, he found out that many of the swimmers are from the North, where the ocean temperature is much colder. This can be explained by

Accepted Answer

The contrast effect explains how people perceive things differently based on comparisons. Swimmers from the North find Florida's ocean warmer compared to their colder home waters, making them more comfortable swimming.

Question 10

The way an issue is presented may influence your decision, a heuristic known as

Accepted Answer

Framing refers to the way information is presented, which can significantly affect decision-making and judgment.

Question 11

Peter selected his section of math because he had heard that 75% of the students in that class passed the course. The fact that he bypassed another section with a 25% fail rate demonstrates which heuristic?

Accepted Answer

The framing heuristic is demonstrated here because Peter's decision is influenced by how the information is presented: a 75% pass rate sounds more positive than a 25% fail rate, even though they convey the same information.

Question 12

If you want to persuade people to engage in more health-promoting behaviours to detect a health problem, you should use

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you want to persuade people to...

Question 13

The use of a different verb - hit, contact, or smash - when describing the same videotaped car accident is an example of _________ on reconstructive memory.

Accepted Answer

The use of different verbs to describe the same event can influence how people remember the event, which is an example of framing affecting reconstructive memory.

Question 14

In the _______________, people's beliefs about something are influenced by what they have just experienced.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the _______________, people's beliefs about something...

Question 15

Manuel is choosing between two medical procedures. Procedure A has a 97% success rate. Procedure B has a 3% failure rate. He chooses Procedure A. Why?

Accepted Answer

Manuel's decision is influenced by the framing heuristic, as Procedure A is presented in terms of success (97% success rate) while Procedure B is presented in terms of failure (3% failure rate), even though they are statistically equivalent.

Question 16

According to the framing heuristic, which of the following foods is likely to be judged as the least healthy?

Accepted Answer

The framing heuristic suggests that people are influenced by how information is presented. A food labeled as "25% fat" emphasizes the negative aspect (fat content) more than "95% fat free," "5% fat," or "75% fat free," making it seem less healthy.

Question 17

Which of the following is a negatively framed message?

Accepted Answer

Negatively framed messages focus on the negative outcomes of not engaging in a behavior, as in choice A, which highlights the increased risk of developing skin cancer if sunscreen is not worn.

Question 18

According to research by Loftus & Palmer (1974), which group of participants estimated the highest rate of speed of two cars that they observed?

Accepted Answer

Participants who were asked how fast the cars were going when they "smashed" one another estimated the highest speed, demonstrating how the wording of questions can influence memory and perception.

Question 19

According to research by Loftus & Palmer (1974), which group of participants reported seeing glass break when two cars had a collision?

Accepted Answer

Participants who were asked how fast the cars were going when they "smashed" one another were more likely to falsely remember seeing broken glass, demonstrating the effect of leading questions on memory.

Question 20

The tendency to perceive a stimulus in different ways depending on salient comparisons is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The contrast effect is the tendency to perceive a stimulus differently based on comparisons with other stimuli that are salient or recently encountered.

Quiz 5: Social Cognition

How we think about ourselves and the social world is known as _ _.

_ _ is a mental shortcut in which we make a judgment based on the ease with which we can bring something to mind.