Question 1

When people consistently make dispositional attributions for negative behaviour for those in the outgroup and situational attributions for the same behaviour committed by a member of the in-group, this is defined as

Accepted Answer

The ultimate attribution error occurs when people attribute negative behaviors of outgroup members to their dispositions while attributing the same behaviors of ingroup members to situational factors.

Question 2

One reason why we make dispositional attributions for negative behaviour for those in the outgroup and situational attributions for the same behaviour committed by a member of the in-group is our

Accepted Answer

This tendency is explained by the belief in a just world, where people assume that individuals get what they deserve. This belief leads to attributing negative behavior of outgroup members to their disposition, while excusing similar behavior in ingroup members as situational.

Question 3

Olivia suggested that women are hired for their achievements; men for their potential. Jack suggests that black men have to work twice as hard to get half as much credit. Both of these are examples of the consequences of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Olivia suggested that women are hired for...

Question 4

Which model suggests that people within a group are more likely to be compared to others within that group than to people in other groups?

Accepted Answer

The shifting standards model suggests that people are evaluated relative to the standards of their own group, leading to comparisons within the group rather than across different groups.

Question 5

People remember certain information about a person that is consistent with their expectations, which may lead to stereotyping through

Accepted Answer

Perceptual confirmation occurs when people perceive what they expect to perceive, leading them to remember information that aligns with their expectations and potentially reinforcing stereotypes.

Question 6

In an experiment by Darley & Gross (1983), research participants were given information about a child's background (poor or rich background). Half of the group then watched a video of the child answering some academic questions, with inconsistent performance. Those with negative expectations, based on the child's background, rated her lower on work habits, motivation, and cognitive skills; those with positive expectations rated her higher on those variables, demonstrating

Accepted Answer

Perceptual confirmation occurs when people perceive what they expect to perceive, leading them to interpret ambiguous information in a way that confirms their pre-existing beliefs or expectations. In this experiment, participants' expectations based on the child's background influenced their interpretation of her performance.

Question 7

When you meet someone for the first time, you probably make conversation and ask questions that are consistent with your view of that person and you will ignore any information that contradicts your view; a bias referred to as

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses, while ignoring contradictory information.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a way in which psychologists assess stereotypes?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation involves observing subjects in their natural environment without interference, which is not typically used to assess stereotypes directly.

Question 9

All of the following are strengths of using self-report measures for assessing stereotypes, except

Accepted Answer

Self-report measures can be biased or inaccurate due to social desirability or lack of self-awareness, making the development of effective questionnaires challenging.

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding the use of self-report measures for assessing stereotypes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true regarding...

Question 11

One method of assessing stereotypes is to connect people to a "fake lie detector." When people believe the mechanical device has the ability to falsify information, people are more likely to give honest answers; a method known as

Accepted Answer

The bogus pipeline is a method of assessing stereotypes by connecting people to a "fake lie detector." When people believe the mechanical device has the ability to falsify information, people are more likely to give honest answers.

Question 12

A covert measure is based on the assumption that one would respond faster to concepts closely associated rather than those weakly associated. The measure is known as

Accepted Answer

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is designed to measure the strength of associations between concepts in a person's mind, based on the speed of responses to paired concepts.

Question 13

Beliefs that associate a whole group with certain traits are called

Accepted Answer

Stereotypes are beliefs that associate a whole group with certain traits, often leading to generalized assumptions about individuals within that group.

Question 14

Which of the following makes stereotypes more resistant to change?

Accepted Answer

Believing that other people agree with stereotypes reinforces them, making individuals less likely to question or change their views.

Question 15

Clara goes to a summer camp and meets a new group of girls. When they all get talking about their summer vacations, Clara discovers that two of the girls regularly vacation in Kelowna, where she also vacations, but the other three girls do not. Clara begins to really like the girls who vacation in Kelowna more than the other girls. Clara is engaging in

Accepted Answer

Clara is engaging in social categorization by grouping the girls based on a shared characteristic (vacationing in Kelowna) and showing preference towards that group.

Question 16

According to the outgroup homogeneity effect, outgroup members are to ______________ as in-group members are to _____________.

Accepted Answer

The outgroup homogeneity effect is the tendency to view members of an outgroup as more similar to each other than members of one's ingroup, who are seen as more diverse.

Question 17

Which of the following is false about cross-ethnic identification?

Accepted Answer

Cross-ethnic identification bias is indeed a problem in eyewitness testimony, as people often struggle to accurately identify individuals from ethnic groups different from their own, leading to potential misidentifications in legal contexts.

Question 18

According to the ultimate attribution error, we tend to make ____________ attributions for negative behaviour by an outgroup member and ____________ attributions negative behaviour by an in-group member.

Accepted Answer

The ultimate attribution error suggests that people attribute negative behavior by an outgroup member to their disposition (internal factors) and negative behavior by an in-group member to situational (external factors).

Question 19

Shawna wins the state's "Senior of the Year" award. Kayla is a member of the rival high school across town. What is Kayla likely to think of Shawna after hearing about her win?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Shawna wins the state's "Senior of the...

Question 20

_______________ refers to the tendency to see things in line with one's own beliefs and expectations.

Accepted Answer

Perceptual confirmation is the tendency to perceive what one expects to perceive, aligning observations with existing beliefs and expectations.

Quiz 11: Stereotype, Prejudice, and Discrimination