Question 1

All of the following are probability sampling plans EXCEPT
A)quota.
B)area.
C)cluster.
D)simple random.
E)systematic.

Accepted Answer

Quota sampling is a non-probability sampling plan.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a problem with using a phone book for a sampling frame?
A)Unlisted phone numbers
B)Not all homes have phones.
C)Double counting homes with multiple phone numbers
D)The phone book is always outdated.
E)All of these are problems when sampling from phone books.

Accepted Answer

Each option listed (A through D) represents a problem associated with using phone books as a sampling frame. Unlisted numbers, homes without phones, double counting of homes with multiple numbers, and the outdated nature of phone books all contribute to inaccuracies and biases in samples derived from phone books.

Question 3

The distinguishing feature of nonprobability sampling plans is that
A)they allow an assessment of sampling error.
B)they are not as representative of the population as probability samples.
C)they involve personal judgment somewhere in the selection of sample elements.
D)there is only one basic type of nonprobability sample while there are several types of probability samples.
E)they tend to be more expensive than probability samples.

Accepted Answer

Nonprobability sampling plans involve personal judgment in the selection of sample elements, which is not the case with probability sampling plans. This makes them less representative of the population and makes it difficult to assess sampling error. Nonprobability sampling plans also tend to be less expensive than probability samples.

Question 4

The listing of elements from which you'll draw the sample is called the
A)population.
B)sampling frame.
C)sample.
D)census.
E)parameter.

Accepted Answer

The sampling frame lists all the elements from which the sample will be drawn. The other options refer to different concepts in statistics:

A) Population - the entire group of individuals or objects that we want to study.
C) Sample - a subset of the population that is actually analyzed.
D) Census - an analysis of the entire population.
E) Parameter - a numerical summary of a population.

Question 5

One of the major problems with mail surveys is nonresponse bias.In an effort to minimize this,a researcher decides to limit the sample to his personal friends from whom he is sure to get replies.This is an example of a
A)probability sample.
B)nonprobability sample.
C)random sample.
D)sequential sample.
E)quota sample.

Accepted Answer

Limiting the sample to personal friends would result in a nonprobability sample, as it does not give every member of the population an equal chance of being selected for the sample. This introduces potential bias and limits the generalizability of the findings. A better approach would be to use a probability sample, such as a simple random sample or stratified random sample, to minimize nonresponse bias and improve the representativeness of the sample.

Question 6

Judgment samples are distinguished by the fact that
A)those entering the sample happen to be where the study is being done when it is being done.
B)the proportion of those possessing a given characteristic is balanced against the proportion of the population possessing the characteristic.
C)each field worker is allowed to judge whether any given respondent would be a good representative of the population.
D)the sample elements are hand-picked by the investigator because it is expected they can offer the contributions sought.
E)they are superior to other forms of sampling for descriptive studies.

Accepted Answer

Judgment sampling involves the researcher selecting sample members based on their knowledge and professional judgment, believing these members will provide the insights or answers sought for the study. This method does not rely on random selection but on the perceived relevance or representativeness of the chosen individuals to the research question.

Question 7

While giving guidelines to her field interviewing staff,a researcher states,"I want you to interview every tenth customer entering a Kmart store at the following key sites." This is an example of ____ sampling.
A)judgment
B)quota
C)sequential
D)systematic
E)convenience

Accepted Answer

The answer of While giving guidelines to her field interviewing...

Question 8

In probability samples,the probabilities of each element being included must be
A)known.
B)nonzero.
C)equal.
D)known and equal.
E)known and nonzero.

Accepted Answer

In probability sampling, it is essential that the probabilities of each element being included in the sample are known and nonzero. This allows for the calculation of accurate estimates of population parameters. If the probability were zero, the element would have no chance of selection, violating the principles of probability sampling. Equal probabilities are not a requirement for all probability sampling methods (e.g., stratified sampling, where probabilities can differ across strata).

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a nonprobability sampling technique?
A)Convenience sample
B)Simple random sample
C)Judgment sample
D)Snowball sample
E)Quota sample

Accepted Answer

Simple random sample is a probability sampling technique where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. The other options listed are nonprobability sampling techniques, where not every member has an equal chance of being selected.

Question 10

Samples are often used to infer something about a population rather than canvassing the population itself because they are typically
A)cheaper than complete counts.
B)faster than complete counts.
C)more accurate than complete counts.
D)None of these are correct.
E)All of these are correct.

Accepted Answer

Samples are often used because they are cheaper and faster than complete counts. While not inherently more accurate, with proper sampling techniques, they can yield results that are sufficiently accurate for many purposes, making them a practical choice.

Question 11

Convenience samples
A)take place at 7-11,Stop & Go,or other convenience stores.
B)are nonprobability samples.
C)are typically not representative of the entire population.
D)take place at convenience stores and are nonprobability samples.
E)are nonprobability samples and are typically not representative of the entire population.

Accepted Answer

Convenience samples are nonprobability samples and are typically not representative of the entire population because they are collected from a group that is easy to access rather than randomly selected.

Question 12

Which of the following is a probability sample?
A)Quota sample
B)Convenience sample
C)Cluster sample
D)Judgment sample
E)Snowball sample

Accepted Answer

A cluster sample is a probability sample in which the population is divided into clusters or groups and a random sample of clusters is selected. This method is often used when the population is large and dispersed, making it difficult and expensive to obtain a simple random sample.

Question 13

The problem with using nonprobability samples include that
A)it's impossible to assess the degree of sampling error.
B)we can't say anything about what would have been true for the overall population.
C)we're stuck with sample statistics and don't know whether they apply to the population as a whole.
D)All of these are correct.
E)None of these are correct.

Accepted Answer

Nonprobability samples do not have a known probability of selection for each individual in the population, which makes it impossible to assess the degree of sampling error or generalize the findings to the population. Therefore, we are stuck with sample statistics and cannot say anything about what would have been true for the overall population.

Question 14

Convenience samples are appropriate for use in which type of research?
A)Descriptive
B)Causal
C)Exploratory
D)All of these are correct.
E)Convenience samples are not appropriate for any type of research.

Accepted Answer

Convenience samples are most appropriate for exploratory research, where the goal is to gain insights or discover new ideas rather than to generalize findings to a larger population. This type of sampling is less suitable for descriptive or causal research, which typically require more rigorously selected samples to accurately describe characteristics of a population or determine cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 15

Ten volunteers are requested from your class to test a new bicycle.Of these ten,two are selected at random for the actual tests.The sampling frame consists of
A)the students who were selected for the actual tests.
B)the students who volunteered.
C)all the students in the class.
D)the students who were not selected.
E)all the students in the school.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ten volunteers are requested from your class...

Question 16

In general,the simpler the definition of the target population
A)the greater the sampling error.
B)the easier it will be to find the sample.
C)the less costly it will be to find the sample.
D)the greater the sample error and the easier it will be to find the sample.
E)the easier and less costly it will be to find the sample.

Accepted Answer

A simpler definition of the target population makes it easier to identify and select members of that population, thereby reducing the complexity and cost of finding the sample.

Question 17

A complete canvass of a population is called a
A)sample.
B)census.
C)sampling frame.
D)population.
E)directory.

Accepted Answer

A complete canvass of a population is known as a census.

Question 18

Which of the following are valid population elements?
A)People
B)Businesses
C)Financial transactions
D)All of these could be used as population elements.
E)None of these could be used as population elements.

Accepted Answer

All three options could be valid population elements depending on the research question and context. For example, in a study about consumer behavior, people could be the population element; in a study about business strategies, businesses could be the population element; and in a study about financial systems, financial transactions could be the population element.

Question 19

A sampling frame
A)is a list of population elements from which the sample will be drawn.
B)is the list of population elements actually included in the sample.
C)usually provides biased statistics.
D)is a form of probability sampling.
E)is a form of nonprobability sampling.

Accepted Answer

A sampling frame is a list of population elements from which the sample will be drawn. It serves as a basis for selecting a representative sample from the population.

Question 20

If your population is relatively small,it's a good idea to use which of the following?
A)Probability sample
B)Nonprobability sample
C)Census
D)All of these are correct.
E)a or b are correct.

Accepted Answer

When the population is relatively small, conducting a census, which involves collecting data from every member of the population, is often feasible and provides the most accurate and comprehensive data.

Quiz 14: Developing the Sampling Plan

All of the following are probability sampling plans EXCEPT

Which of the following is NOT a problem with using a phone book for a sampling frame?

The distinguishing feature of nonprobability sampling plans is that

The listing of elements from which you'll draw the sample is called the

One of the major problems with mail surveys is nonresponse bias.In an effort to minimize this,a researcher decides to limit the sample to his personal friends from whom he is sure to get replies.This is an example of a

Judgment samples are distinguished by the fact that

While giving guidelines to her field interviewing staff,a researcher states,"I want you to interview every tenth customer entering a Kmart store at the following key sites." This is an example of ____ sampling.

In probability samples,the probabilities of each element being included must be

Which of the following is NOT a nonprobability sampling technique?

Samples are often used to infer something about a population rather than canvassing the population itself because they are typically

Convenience samples

Which of the following is a probability sample?

The problem with using nonprobability samples include that

Convenience samples are appropriate for use in which type of research?

Ten volunteers are requested from your class to test a new bicycle.Of these ten,two are selected at random for the actual tests.The sampling frame consists of

In general,the simpler the definition of the target population

A complete canvass of a population is called a

Which of the following are valid population elements?

A sampling frame

If your population is relatively small,it's a good idea to use which of the following?