Question 1

Which of the following is NOT sediment? 
A)Figure A
B)Figure B
C)Figure C
D)Figure D

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

Which soil horizon contains the most organic material?
A)A
B)O
C)B
D)E

Accepted Answer

The O horizon, also known as the organic layer, contains the most organic material as it is composed of decomposing plant and animal material.

Question 3

Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of material due to ________.
A)mechanical breakdown of rock
B)baking in the hot sun
C)interaction with molten rock
D)interaction with water or air

Accepted Answer

Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of material due to interactions with water or air, which can cause chemical reactions that alter the composition of the rock or minerals. Option A refers to mechanical weathering, option B does not involve chemical reactions, and option C refers to contact metamorphism, not chemical weathering.

Question 4

Hydration occurs when ________.
A)minerals are dissolved into water
B)minerals are turned into rust
C)minerals absorb water and expand
D)minerals are removed by frost

Accepted Answer

Hydration is the process of minerals absorbing water and expanding.

Question 5

What type of weathering is shown in the following picture? 
A)salt wedging
B)frost wedging
C)dissolution
D)hydration

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of weathering is shown in...

Question 6

Which of the following is a type of physical weathering?
A)thermal expansion
B)dissolution
C)oxidation
D)hydration

Accepted Answer

Thermal expansion refers to the expansion and contraction of rock due to temperature changes, which can cause the rock to crack and break apart. Dissolution, oxidation, and hydration are all types of chemical weathering.

Question 7

What type of weathering are you likely to find occurring in areas with cold climates?
A)hydrolysis
B)frost wedging
C)salt wedging
D)dissolution

Accepted Answer

In areas with cold climates, the most common type of weathering is frost wedging, where water gets into cracks and freezes, causing the expansion of the crack. This process repeats over time and causes physical disintegration of the rock.

Question 8

Dissolution occurs when ________.
A)minerals are dissolved into water
B)minerals are turned into rust
C)minerals absorb water and expand
D)minerals are removed by frost

Accepted Answer

Dissolution refers to the process of minerals being dissolved into water. This can occur due to chemical or physical processes, resulting in the minerals being incorporated into the water molecules. Rust (B) is a form of oxidation that occurs when iron and oxygen react, and it is not necessarily related to dissolution. Similarly, mineral absorption and expansion (C) and mineral removal by frost (D) are not specific to dissolution.

Question 9

Why does differential weathering occur?
A)Chemical weathering attacks some layers,and physical weathering attacks the others.
B)The cliffs formed by chemical weathering protect the rocks below.
C)Some types of rocks don't weather at all,thus producing cliffs.
D)Different minerals have different resistances to weathering.

Accepted Answer

Differential weathering occurs because different minerals have different levels of resistance to weathering. As a result, some sections of rock may weather more quickly than others, leading to uneven erosion and the formation of unique landforms.

Question 10

Which type of weathering process is happening to materials when they rust?
A)hydrolysis
B)hydration
C)oxidation
D)dissolution

Accepted Answer

Rusting is a chemical reaction where iron reacts with oxygen in the presence of moisture or water vapor to form iron oxide (rust). This is an example of oxidation, one of the weathering processes where a substance combines with oxygen to produce an oxide.

Question 11

What type of weathering has happened to the rocks in the picture? 
A)hydrolysis
B)hydration
C)dissolution
D)oxidation

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of weathering has happened to...

Question 12

Which of the following does NOT affect soil thickness?
A)time
B)types of animals
C)climate
D)vegetation type

Accepted Answer

The types of animals does not play a significant role in affecting soil thickness. Time, climate, and vegetation type all have a direct impact on the development of soil.

Question 13

What type of weathering are you most likely to find occurring on the coast?
A)dissolution
B)thermal expansion
C)salt wedging
D)root wedging

Accepted Answer

Salt wedging is the most likely type of weathering to occur on the coast. This is due to the constant exposure of rocks to saltwater, causing the salt to seep into the cracks and crevices of the rocks. As the saltwater evaporates, the salt crystals expand, putting pressure on the rocks and causing them to break apart.

Question 14

Which soil horizon is the most important to farmers for planting crops?
A)O
B)A
C)E
D)B

Accepted Answer

Horizon A is the top layer of soil and is the most important for farmers to plant crops because it contains the highest concentration of organic matter, nutrients, and minerals that are essential for plant growth. It is also the layer where most of the biological and physical activities occur, such as root growth, nutrient uptake, and water retention. Other soil horizons may have limitations for plants, such as insufficient nutrients or too much water, making them less suitable for crop production.

Question 15

Why does physical weathering speed up the processes of chemical weathering?
A)Physical weathering requires abundant water,as does chemical weathering.
B)Physical weathering produces fresh surfaces for chemical weathering to attack.
C)Chemical weathering can occur only on small surfaces,not large ones.
D)Chemical weathering requires salt,which is provided by salt wedging.

Accepted Answer

Physical weathering breaks down rocks into smaller pieces, which creates more surface area for chemical weathering to occur. Fresh surfaces created by physical weathering provide more opportunities for the reactants to interact, speeding up the chemical weathering process.

Question 16

Differential weathering occurs when ________.
A)none of the layers weather at all
B)layers of rock weather at the same rate
C)layers of rock weather at different rates
D)weathering occurs in the tropics

Accepted Answer

Differential weathering occurs when layers of rock weather at different rates. This can be due to differences in the composition, structure, and resistance to weathering of each layer.

Question 17

Salt water is the end product of this weathering process.
A)hydrolysis
B)dissolution
C)jointing
D)frost wedging

Accepted Answer

Dissolution is a type of chemical weathering process where minerals in rocks are dissolved in water, resulting in the formation of salt water.

Question 18

The following is a picture of what type of phenomenon? 
A)jointing
B)differential weathering
C)chemical weathering
D)hydration

Accepted Answer

The picture seems to show a type of jointing phenomenon where rock has fractured into regular shapes due to tectonic forces.

Question 19

Which of the following are NOT considered sediments?
A)fragments of shells
B)fragments of rock
C)cemented grains
D)precipitated crystals

Accepted Answer

Cemented grains are not considered sediments because once grains become cemented together, they form sedimentary rock, thus transitioning from being loose sediments to being part of a solid rock structure.

Question 20

The zone of leaching is the area in which ________.
A)weathered bedrock forms a soil horizon
B)organic matter gathers to create a soil horizon
C)minerals are precipitated and added to soil
D)minerals are dissolved and removed from soil

Accepted Answer

The zone of leaching is the area in which minerals are dissolved and removed from soil.

Quiz 25: a Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

Which of the following is NOT sediment?

Which soil horizon contains the most organic material?

Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of material due to ________.

Hydration occurs when ________.

What type of weathering is shown in the following picture?

Which of the following is a type of physical weathering?

What type of weathering are you likely to find occurring in areas with cold climates?

Dissolution occurs when ________.

Why does differential weathering occur?

Which type of weathering process is happening to materials when they rust?

What type of weathering has happened to the rocks in the picture?

Which of the following does NOT affect soil thickness?

What type of weathering are you most likely to find occurring on the coast?

Which soil horizon is the most important to farmers for planting crops?

Why does physical weathering speed up the processes of chemical weathering?

Differential weathering occurs when ________.

Salt water is the end product of this weathering process.

The following is a picture of what type of phenomenon?

Which of the following are NOT considered sediments?

The zone of leaching is the area in which ________.