State professional licensing tests have disparate impact but
A) extensive validation tests have established the equivalent of "business necessity" so they may be used
B) screen out those who have demonstrated they would harm their clients or customers if permitted to practice thus protecting the public
C) limit upward social mobility of successful candidates and therefore promote equality
D) but challenges have failed because one would have to demonstrate discriminatory intent in a constitutional challenge

Question

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The Answer of State professional licensing tests have disparate impact but
A) extensive validation tests have established the equivalent of "business necessity" so they may be used
B) screen out those who have demonstrated they would harm their clients or customers if permitted to practice thus protecting the public
C) limit upward social mobility of successful candidates and therefore promote equality
D) but challenges have failed because one would have to demonstrate discriminatory intent in a constitutional challenge

State Professional Licensing Tests Have Disparate Impact but