Question 1

Which three variables does Amabile's (1996) componential model of creativity suggest are required for creativity to occur?

Accepted Answer

Amabile's componential model of creativity posits that creativity arises from the interaction of three components: domain-relevant skills (knowledge and technical skills in a particular domain), creativity-relevant skills (cognitive style, ability to think in novel ways), and task motivation (the individual's interest in and commitment to the task).

Question 2

Mr. Tran has been given the job of creating the Future Scientist Club at the middle school where he teaches. To ensure that he promotes creative behavior and interest in the members of the club, Mr. Tran will need to address a combination of social, psychological, and physical elements. He is using the __________.

Accepted Answer

The componential model of creativity, proposed by Teresa Amabile, suggests that creativity results from the interaction of a variety of components, including domain-relevant skills, creativity-relevant processes, and intrinsic task motivation. Mr. Tran's approach, which involves addressing social, psychological, and physical elements to promote creative behavior, aligns with this model's emphasis on multiple factors influencing creativity.

Question 3

The case of Ildefonso-who was born deaf and was language-less until the age of 27, when a community college interpreter taught him to communicate-supports the idea that human language is inseparable from __________.

Accepted Answer

The case of Ildefonso illustrates that human language is deeply connected to thought. Without language, his ability to form complex thoughts was severely limited, demonstrating how language is a crucial tool for thinking.

Question 4

The sounds t, th, and sh are __________, whereas to, the, and she are __________.

Accepted Answer

The sounds t, th, and sh are phonemes, which are the smallest units of sound in a language, whereas to, the, and she are morphemes, which are the smallest units of meaning in a language.

Question 5

In talking about a friend on his football team, Marcus says, "Juan really knows how to throw a football." The surface structure tells us that __________, and the deep structure suggests that __________.

Accepted Answer

The surface structure (literal meaning) indicates that Juan knows the technique of throwing a football, while the deep structure (implied meaning) suggests that Juan is skilled at actually throwing a football.

Question 6

American Sign Language (ASL) has basic grammatical structures that __________ those used in spoken language.

Accepted Answer

ASL has basic grammatical structures that are similar to those used in spoken language.

Question 7

Sarah, who is from the United States, is using sign language to communicate with Kira, who is from Japan. Which of the following scenarios is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Sign languages are not universal and vary significantly across different cultures and countries, much like spoken languages. American Sign Language (ASL) and Japanese Sign Language (JSL) have different structures, signs, and rules, making it likely that Sarah and Kira would encounter communication challenges.

Question 8

Terrell tells you he wants to teach his infant daughter baby sign language. After reading your text, what feedback would you give Terrell?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Terrell tells you he wants to teach...

Question 9

Nine-month-old Dason is repeating the sounds made by adults around him. A behaviorist would explain this process of language acquisition as being consistent with the __________ viewpoint, because Dason is learning through __________.

Accepted Answer

A behaviorist would explain Dason's language acquisition as consistent with the nurture viewpoint because he is learning through imitation. Behaviorists emphasize the role of environmental influences and learning through observation and imitation, rather than innate or biological factors.

Question 10

According to the nativist view of language acquisition, 12-month-old Anik is saying simple words because he has __________, which supports a __________ viewpoint.

Accepted Answer

The nativist view of language acquisition, as proposed by theorists like Noam Chomsky, suggests that children are born with an innate capacity for language. This perspective aligns with the "nature" viewpoint, which emphasizes the role of genetic and biological factors in human development.

Question 11

The ability of Tarzan to develop speech after growing up in the jungle without any exposure to humans would be criticized by someone with the __________ view of language acquisition, because a child not exposed to language early on may miss the biological opportunity for language development.

Accepted Answer

The nativist view, associated with linguist Noam Chomsky, posits that humans are born with an innate ability to learn language, which is triggered by exposure to language during a critical period in early development. If a child like Tarzan misses this critical period without exposure to human language, according to nativist theory, he would not be able to develop normal language skills later on.

Question 12

The __________ view describes language acquisition as both a social process, in that adults engage infants to stimulate their language learning, and a biological process, in that children have a drive to communicate with others.

Accepted Answer

The social interactionist view emphasizes the importance of both social interaction and innate biological factors in language acquisition. It suggests that while children are biologically predisposed to learn language, the interaction with caregivers and the social environment are crucial for language development.

Question 13

__________ is the study of the relationship between language and the structure and function of the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Neurolinguistics is the field that investigates the relationship between language and the brain, focusing on how the structure and function of the nervous system influence language acquisition, understanding, and production.

Question 14

Brain imaging techniques are used by __________ to study language?

Accepted Answer

Language neuroscientists use brain imaging techniques to study language.

Question 15

The two important language centers of the brain are __________.

Accepted Answer

Broca's area is involved in the production of speech, while Wernicke's area is involved in the understanding of speech. These are the two primary language centers in the human brain.

Question 16

With the advent of neuroimaging techniques, researchers know that __________.

Accepted Answer

Neuroimaging studies have shown that both the left and right hemispheres of the brain are involved in various aspects of language processing, including the ability to produce, understand, hear, and master grammatical structure.

Question 17

The most common causes of aphasia are __________.

Accepted Answer

Aphasia is most commonly caused by stroke and brain injury, as these conditions can damage the parts of the brain responsible for language.

Question 18

What is the prognosis for recovery for individuals who have had a stroke and suffer from aphasia when they are right-hand dominant versus ambidextrous?

Accepted Answer

Aphasia is a language disorder that can occur after a stroke. It can affect the ability to speak, understand, read, and write. The prognosis for recovery from aphasia depends on a number of factors, including the severity of the stroke, the location of the stroke, and the individual's age and overall health. However, there is no evidence to suggest that the prognosis for recovery is different for ambidextrous individuals than for right-hand dominant individuals.

Question 19

Ivanna recently suffered a stroke and is experiencing aphasia. Her doctor recommends getting her into therapy right away, as the biggest improvements occur in the first __________.

Accepted Answer

The most significant improvements in aphasia recovery typically occur within the first six months after a stroke, as this is a critical period for brain recovery and neuroplasticity.

Question 20

Researchers (Meinzer et al., 2016) have found that __________ can help stroke patients with aphasia, as they were more accurate on naming tasks versus those who received a placebo.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers (Meinzer et al., 2016) have found...

Quiz 7: Cognitive Processes