Question 1

A woman who agrees to carry a child to term in cases in which the mother who provides the donor eggs is unable to conceive is called a(n) __________ mother.

Accepted Answer

A surrogate mother is a woman who agrees to carry a child to term for another woman.

Question 2

The Carlos family has agreed to have another woman, Emily, carry their child to term. Emily is a(n) __________ mother.

Accepted Answer

A surrogate mother is a woman who agrees to carry a child to term for another woman.

Question 3

Each year, one in four pregnancies worldwide ends in __________.

Accepted Answer

The abortion rate worldwide is approximately one in four pregnancies.

Question 4

The role of the __________ is to prevent teratogens from affecting the fetus.

Accepted Answer

The placenta ideally keeps teratogens from reaching the fetus, but the placenta is not always entirely successful at this.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a teratogen?

Accepted Answer

A teratogen is an environmental factor that produces a birth defect.

Question 6

Mika consumed large quantities of alcohol while she was pregnant with her daughter Jasmine. As a result, Jasmine was born with intellectual disability and is delayed in growth. Jasmine has __________.

Accepted Answer

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a disorder caused by the pregnant mother consuming substantial quantities of alcohol during pregnancy, potentially resulting in intellectual disability and delayed growth in the child. In this example FAS is a better answer choice than fetal alcohol effects because of the indication that Jasmine has intellectual disability and is delayed in growth.

Question 7

Martha and Susan are planning to have a child. Martha will be the biological mother. Some of the research on how fathers impact prenatal development applies to Susan as well. Which of these are relevant for Susan and Martha's child?

Accepted Answer

Research on fathers-to-be demonstrates that they should avoid smoking, as secondhand smoke may lead to secondhand smoke exposure for the mother and produce lower-birthweight infants. Fathers should also avoid drug and alcohol use as they may lead to chromosomal damage that can impact conception.
Short Answer Questions

Question 8

Describe how monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins form.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins...

Question 9

How is the sex of a child determined?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is the sex of a child...

Question 10

Identify and describe three tests used to assess the health of an unborn baby.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify and describe three tests used to...

Question 11

List the three stages of prenatal development. Include the age range for each stage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the three stages of prenatal development....

Question 12

Identify two threats to prenatal development and list two recommendations for optimal prenatal development that you would provide expectant mothers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify two threats to prenatal development and...

Question 13

Define fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and outline the potential long-term consequences of alcohol use during pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and...

Question 14

What evidence can you list for avoiding even a small amount of alcohol during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What evidence can you list for avoiding...

Question 15

What are the potential risks associated with smoking during the prenatal period?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the potential risks associated with...

Question 16

What information would you provide a father-to-be to help optimize development during the prenatal period?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What information would you provide a father-to-be...

Question 17

Cindy and Felipe are starting a family. Each parent carries the recessive gene for phenylketonuria (PKU), an inherited disorder. Explain how their child will either inherit or not inherit PKU.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cindy and Felipe are starting a family....

Question 18

Should all prospective parents consider genetic counseling? Why or why not? What are some of the ethical considerations with genetic counseling?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Should all prospective parents consider genetic counseling?...

Question 19

Some people have used the proven genetic basis of intelligence to argue against strenuous educational efforts on behalf of individuals with below average IQs. Does this viewpoint make sense based on what you have learned about heredity and environment? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some people have used the proven genetic...

Question 20

What are some ways that the prenatal environment can threaten development?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are some ways that the prenatal...

Quiz 3: The Start of Life: Genetics and Prenatal Development