Question 1

Research has shown that the presence of a __________ is beneficial to the birth process.

Accepted Answer

A growing body of research indicates the presence of a doula is beneficial to the birth process.

Question 2

Which of the following is a benefit of having a doula present at birth?

Accepted Answer

A growing body of research indicates the presence of a doula is beneficial to the birth process. For example, the presence of a doula reduces reliance on drugs.

Question 3

Misha had a type of anesthesia administered to her before her delivery that produced numbness from the waist down. This is called an __________.

Accepted Answer

Traditional epidurals are a form of epidural anesthesia, which produces numbness from the waist down.

Question 4

Asha had an epidural when her first child was born, but her obstetrician told her that they now had a newer form of an epidural that permits the woman to move about more freely during labor and has fewer side effects. This form of epidural anesthesia is known as a __________ epidural.

Accepted Answer

The spinal-epidural, or the walking epidural, uses smaller needles and a system for administering continuous doses of anesthetic. It permits women to move about more freely during labor and has fewer side effects than traditional epidural anesthesia.

Question 5

In the United States, Congress passed legislation mandating minimum insurance coverage of __________ hours for childbirth, thereby making this the standard for hospital stays.

Accepted Answer

The average hospital stay continues to become shorter based on the demands of insurance companies. In the United States, Congress passed legislation mandating a minimum insurance coverage of 48 hours for childbirth, thereby making this the standard for hospital stays.

Question 6

Joyce's baby was born prior to 38 weeks after conception. Her baby is known as a __________ infant.

Accepted Answer

Preterm, or premature, infants are infants who are born prior to 38 weeks after conception.

Question 7

Tamara entered this world weighing only 2 pounds, a result of being born prior to the 38th week. Tamara would be considered a __________ infant.

Accepted Answer

Tamara, born prior to the 38th week, would therefore be considered a preterm or premature infant.

Question 8

Doris waited expectantly for the arrival of her first child. However, the baby did not seem to be in any great hurry to make his appearance. Finally, two weeks past her due date, her doctor decided to induce labor. Doris gave birth to a healthy baby boy. Doris's baby would be considered a __________ infant.

Accepted Answer

A postmature infant is one still not born two weeks after the mother's due date.

Question 9

The single best predictor of preterm infant survival is the infant's __________.

Accepted Answer

An infant's weight has great significance as an indicator of the extent of the baby's development.

Question 10

Natalia, a preterm infant, maintained skin-to-skin contact with her parents in an effort to promote development. This skin-to-skin contact is called __________.

Accepted Answer

One form of responsive, stimulating, and organized care for preterm infants is kangaroo care, in which the infant is held skin-to-skin against the parents' chests, helping the preterm infant develop.

Question 11

The point at which an infant can survive a premature birth is called the age of __________.

Accepted Answer

The age of viability, the point at which an infant can survive prematurely, is currently at about 22 weeks.

Question 12

The age of viability for preterm infants is approximately __________, which is nearly 4 months early.

Accepted Answer

The age of viability is the point at which an infant can survive prematurely, currently at about 22 weeks.

Question 13

Tina is 14 years old and having her first child and has a higher likelihood of a premature delivery because __________.

Accepted Answer

Among the many influences on preterm births are the mother's immature reproductive system (mothers under the age of 15), multiple births, and whether the father is older than the mother.

Question 14

Simona is carrying twins, which places unusual stress on her reproductive system. To prepare Simona for childbirth, the obstetrician warned her that she faces a higher risk of __________.

Accepted Answer

Premature labor may be caused by carrying twins.

Question 15

Elena and Pablo had planned to have their first child with a minimum of medical intervention. However, when the fetal monitor revealed that their child was in distress, their obstetrician recommended a(n) __________ delivery.

Accepted Answer

A cesarean delivery is one in which the baby is surgically removed from the uterus rather than traveling through the birth canal. For Elena and Pablo, a cesarean delivery would be less stressful for the baby.

Question 16

Alana's baby is positioned feet first in the birth canal. What is this birth position called?

Accepted Answer

The breech birth position, in which the baby is positioned feet first in the birth canal, places the baby at risk.

Question 17

The routine use of __________ is associated with an increase in the rate of cesarean deliveries.

Accepted Answer

The routine use of fetal monitors, devices that measure babies' heartbeats during labor, has contributed to a soaring rate of cesarean deliveries.

Question 18

When Iris went to the hospital to have her baby, she was immediately hooked up to a(n) __________ so that the hospital staff could monitor the baby's heartbeat during labor.

Accepted Answer

Fetal monitors are devices that measure the baby's heartbeat during labor.

Question 19

Sometimes a child does not live beyond its passage through the birth canal. The delivery of a child who is not alive is called a __________.

Accepted Answer

Stillbirth is the delivery of a child who is not alive, which occurs in fewer than 1 in every 100 births.

Question 20

Two weeks before Helga was to deliver her baby, she noticed that her baby had not moved in quite some time. She made an appointment with her obstetrician, who confirmed that the baby had died. The eventual delivery of a child who is not alive is called a __________.

Accepted Answer

Stillbirth is the delivery of a child who is not alive.

Quiz 4: Birth and the Newborn Infant