Which of the Following Statements Is FALSE

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Marketing research studies employing the exploratory strategy generally have as a starting point a hypothesis specifying relationships between variables.
B) Exploratory research may generally be considered the step that defines the problem.
C) Exploratory research is characterized by lack of a prespecified formal design.
D) Descriptive studies involve the examination of one or more hypotheses.
E) Descriptive studies are rather demanding in terms of the decisions that must be made before data collection begins.