Question 1

Middle-aged adults display continued cognitive growth in the realm of __________.
A) cognitive inhibition
B) flexible shifting
C) practical problem solving
D) continuous performance tasks

Accepted Answer

Practical problem solving. Studies have shown that middle-aged adults demonstrate improvements in their ability to solve practical problems arising from everyday life experiences. This may be due to their accumulated knowledge and experience, as well as better use of strategies and heuristics. While cognitive inhibition, flexible shifting, and continuous performance tasks are all important aspects of cognitive functioning, they may not necessarily show growth in middle-aged adults.

Question 2

With age,many creators __________.
A) become more spontaneous
B) produce more works that integrate ideas
C) produce more intensely emotional works
D) devote more energy to new discoveries

Accepted Answer

With age, many creators continue to produce works but tend to integrate ideas from their previous works and experiences. This leads to producing more complex and broader works.

Question 3

Which scientist is most likely at the height of expertise?
A) Dr. Dellinger, age 25
B) Dr. Bland, age 37
C) Dr. Lucerno, age 49
D) Dr. Petiss, age 76

Accepted Answer

Generally, as scientists age and gain experience, they become more knowledgeable and "at the height of their expertise." Therefore, Dr. Lucerno, being the oldest among the options, is most likely to be at the height of his/her expertise.

Question 4

Which statement is true about middle-aged students' performance on working memory tasks?
A) They will refuse to perform under pressured conditions.
B) They outperform younger students in both self-paced and pressured conditions.
C) They show performance declines only under pressured conditions.
D) They show performance declines only in self-paced conditions.

Accepted Answer

Middle-aged students show performance declines only under pressured conditions on working memory tasks. This decline in performance may be due to age-related deterioration in the prefrontal cortex, which is heavily involved in working memory. However, they perform as well as, if not better than, younger students in self-paced conditions.

Question 5

In college,__________ tend to take fewer credits and progress at a slower pace.
A) younger women
B) younger men
C) older women
D) older men

Accepted Answer

Older women often have more responsibilities outside of school, such as work or family care, which can lead to them taking fewer credits and progressing at a slower pace in college.

Question 6

Which author is more likely to produce his or her most frequently cited works at a younger age?
A) Libby, a poet
B) Darnell, a biographer
C) Helen, a nonfiction writer
D) Kai, a fiction writer

Accepted Answer

Poets are more likely to produce their most frequently cited works at a younger age compared to authors in other genres, as poetry often relies on intense emotion and innovative perspectives, which can be more prevalent in younger poets.

Question 7

In an investigation of World War II veterans,those scoring lower in IQ in early adulthood __________.
A) benefited the least from jobs that continuously presented complex, novel tasks
B) derived greater long-term benefits from jobs that were less mentally stimulating
C) derived greater long-term benefits from an intellectually demanding vocation
D) benefited the most from jobs that demanded physical strength and dexterity

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an investigation of World War II...

Question 8

By middle adulthood,thinking is characterized by an increase in __________.
A) processing speed
B) specialization
C) self-expression
D) emotional intensity

Accepted Answer

Middle adulthood is a time when individuals become more specialized in their thinking. They have acquired a wealth of knowledge and expertise in their chosen fields, allowing them to problem-solve and make decisions more efficiently. This is in contrast to the processing speed of younger adults, who may be faster at completing tasks but lack the depth of knowledge and experience that comes with age. Self-expression and emotional intensity may vary among individuals and are not necessarily indicative of a general trend in thinking during middle adulthood.

Question 9

Those adult learners reporting high psychological stress typically include __________.
A) single men with no children
B) high-SES men and women
C) single women with no children
D) married women with nonsupportive partners

Accepted Answer

Married women with nonsupportive partners often report high psychological stress due to the dual pressures of managing household responsibilities and pursuing further education or career goals without adequate support from their partners.

Question 10

With regard to scientific knowledge,Ross has an extensive,highly organized,and integrated knowledge base that can be used to support a high level of performance.Ross has __________ in science.
A) expertise
B) intuition
C) metacognitive knowledge
D) emotional intelligence

Accepted Answer

The term "expertise" refers to having extensive, highly organized, and integrated knowledge in a particular domain, such as science. Therefore, Ross's knowledge base in science can be classified as expertise. The other options are not applicable in this context. Intuition refers to the ability to understand something instinctively, without the need for conscious reasoning. Metacognitive knowledge refers to understanding how one's own cognitive processes work and using that knowledge to improve learning or problem-solving. Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions, as well as the emotions of others. None of these concepts directly relate to scientific knowledge or expertise.

Question 11

Which statement is true about vocational life and cognitive development?
A) People in midlife do not benefit as much from cognitively challenging work as those in their twenties or thirties.
B) Continuously confronting complex, novel tasks in a work setting increases the age-related decline in fluid abilities.
C) Cognitive flexibility tends to be responsive to work experiences in early adulthood but not in midlife or beyond.
D) Complex work augments later cognitive flexibility more than cognitive flexibility influences occupational choice.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that engaging in cognitively demanding work with novel and complex tasks can lead to increased cognitive flexibility even in midlife and beyond. Additionally, occupational choice can be influenced by cognitive flexibility, but the effects of complex work on cognitive flexibility are thought to be stronger. Therefore, option D is the correct statement.

Question 12

Bronson manages a fast-food restaurant.Which individual with similar qualifications and years of experience should he hire if he is looking for adept,attentive,competent customer service?
A) Brandon, a 19-year-old
B) Alba, a 23-year-old
C) Donnette, a 30-year-old
D) Garfield, a 45-year-old

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bronson manages a fast-food restaurant.Which individual with...

Question 13

Middle-aged adults tend to be rational decision makers because they __________.
A) use practical problem-solving strategies
B) engage in emotion-based problem solving
C) select the most attractive-looking options
D) tend to rely on the expertise of colleagues

Accepted Answer

Middle-aged adults have gained more life experience and therefore tend to use practical problem-solving strategies when making decisions. They are less influenced by their emotions and more focused on finding the most rational solution.

Question 14

Older adults' ability to __________ is impaired relative to younger adults'.
A) recall studied information
B) access procedural memory
C) remember career-related tasks
D) solve practical problems

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that older adults' ability to recall studied information declines relative to younger adults. This is believed to be due to changes in brain structure and function that occur with aging. However, other cognitive abilities such as problem-solving and access to procedural memory may not be impaired to the same extent.

Question 15

Mature-age adult learners list __________ as the most common reason for not completing their degrees.
A) role overload
B) the amount of homework
C) the fast pace of the classes
D) failure to achieve high grades

Accepted Answer

Role overload, or the combination of work, family, and other responsibilities, is often cited as the primary reason for mature-age adult learners to not complete their degrees. Homework, fast pace, and grades may also be factors, but not as commonly as role overload.

Question 16

Which individual is most likely to be at the peak of creative accomplishment?
A) Tiesha, age 26
B) Cecil, age 31
C) Shaunte, age 42
D) Delbert, age 57

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that individuals tend to reach their peak creative performance in their 40s or 50s, making Shaunte, age 42, the most likely to be at the peak of creative accomplishment.

Question 17

Maria has trouble remembering where she parks her car in the large office parking lot.Therefore,she decides to park in the same area of the parking lot every day.She is using __________ knowledge.
A) semantic
B) metacognitive
C) procedural
D) fluid

Accepted Answer

Maria is using metacognitive knowledge, which involves awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes. By deciding to park in the same area, she is applying a strategy to aid her memory.

Question 18

In solving a math problem,Herman uses __________ memory.
A) crystallized
B) semantic
C) metacognitive
D) procedural

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory is the type of memory that stores information about how to do specific tasks and is used for performing automatic actions or tasks, such as solving math problems.

Question 19

Which statement is true about becoming a student in midlife?
A) Most adult learners are middle-aged men.
B) Life transitions often trigger a return to college in midlife.
C) The sharpest rise in adult college enrollment is among 25- to 30-year-olds.
D) In U.S. colleges, students over age 25 make up about 15 percent of total enrollment.

Accepted Answer

Midlife is often a time of transition such as career change, empty nesting, or personal growth, which may motivate adults to return to college. A is incorrect because women are actually the majority of adult learners. C is incorrect because the sharpest rise in adult college enrollment is between ages 35-44. D is partially correct, but the percentage is actually closer to 40%.

Question 20

In a study examining the diverse ingredients of expert performance,middle-aged adults performed more competently than younger adults in tasks involving __________.
A) cognitive inhibition
B) physical dexterity
C) physical strength
D) organizational skills

Accepted Answer

Middle-aged adults often outperform younger adults in tasks that require organizational skills, as they typically have more experience and have developed more efficient strategies for organizing and managing information and tasks.

Quiz 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Middle-aged adults display continued cognitive growth in the realm of __________.

With age,many creators __________.

Which scientist is most likely at the height of expertise?

Which statement is true about middle-aged students' performance on working memory tasks?

In college,__________ tend to take fewer credits and progress at a slower pace.

Which author is more likely to produce his or her most frequently cited works at a younger age?

In an investigation of World War II veterans,those scoring lower in IQ in early adulthood __________.

By middle adulthood,thinking is characterized by an increase in __________.

Those adult learners reporting high psychological stress typically include __________.

With regard to scientific knowledge,Ross has an extensive,highly organized,and integrated knowledge base that can be used to support a high level of performance.Ross has __________ in science.

Which statement is true about vocational life and cognitive development?

Bronson manages a fast-food restaurant.Which individual with similar qualifications and years of experience should he hire if he is looking for adept,attentive,competent customer service?

Middle-aged adults tend to be rational decision makers because they __________.

Older adults' ability to __________ is impaired relative to younger adults'.

Mature-age adult learners list __________ as the most common reason for not completing their degrees.

Which individual is most likely to be at the peak of creative accomplishment?

Maria has trouble remembering where she parks her car in the large office parking lot.Therefore,she decides to park in the same area of the parking lot every day.She is using __________ knowledge.

In solving a math problem,Herman uses __________ memory.

Which statement is true about becoming a student in midlife?

In a study examining the diverse ingredients of expert performance,middle-aged adults performed more competently than younger adults in tasks involving __________.