Question 1

By age 2,children __________.

Accepted Answer

By age 2, children are typically able to take turns in face-to-face interactions, meaning they can respond and engage in conversation with others. While they may not yet be able to infer a speaker's indirectly expressed intention or adjust their speech to fit specific listeners, taking turns in conversation is a significant skill they develop at this age.

Question 2

Describe the benefits of watching educational television,such as Sesame Street,Arthur,and The Magic School Bus.

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

Describe the benefits of make-believe play.

Accepted Answer

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Question 4

Describe a Vygotskian early childhood classroom.How does it differ from a Piagetian classroom?

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

Two-year-old Asha says,"We saw two deers." Asha is demonstrating __________.

Accepted Answer

Asha is demonstrating overregularization, which occurs when children apply a grammatical rule too widely, hence saying "deers" instead of "deer" for the plural.

Question 6

Discuss three educational principles derived from Piaget's theory that continue to have a major impact on both teacher training and classroom practices,especially during early childhood.

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

Adults often provide indirect feedback about grammar by using __________,which restructures inaccurate speech into correct form.

Accepted Answer

A recast is when an adult takes the inaccurate speech of a child and restates it in a grammatically correct form, without explicitly pointing out the error. This provides indirect feedback and helps the child learn by example. Fast-mapping refers to the ability to quickly learn and remember new words. An expansion is when an adult takes a child's short sentence and expands it into a longer, more detailed one. Overregularization refers to when a child applies a regular grammatical rule (such as adding -ed to form past tense) to an irregular verb (such as "goed" instead of "went").

Question 8

In addition to acquiring vocabulary and grammar,4-year-old Kenotae is learning to engage in effective and appropriate communication.Kenotae is learning to master the social side of language,__________.

Accepted Answer

Pragmatics refers to the social side of language, including the ability to use language appropriately in different social situations, to understand and interpret nonverbal cues, and to engage in effective communication with others. This is exactly what Kenotae is learning to do, as he develops his social and communication skills. Phonetics refers to the sounds of language, linguistics refers to the study of language structure and meaning, and semantics refers to the meaning of words and sentences. While these areas are also important for language development, they are not specifically focused on the social and pragmatic aspects of communication.

Question 9

Dominic is left-handed.He would like to know if his infant son is likely to be left-handed or right-handed.What can you tell him about the roles of nature and nurture in handedness?

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Expansions __________.

Accepted Answer

Expansions increase the complexity and length of utterances, but they do not necessarily eliminate errors or restructure inaccurate speech. While expansions are commonly used in language development, they may not be present in all cultures.

Question 11

Describe both child-centered preschool and kindergarten programs and academic programs.Which type of programming does the research favor for early childhood?

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood