Question 1

Siegler and colleagues studied children's use of strategies on arithmetic problems and found that

Accepted Answer

Siegler's research indicates that children's strategy use in solving arithmetic problems is variable and adaptive. They may use different strategies at different times, reflecting a flexible approach to problem-solving rather than a uniform progression or a consistent use of a single strategy.

Question 2

Which of the following depicts the min strategy for solving 3 + 5?

Accepted Answer

The min strategy involves counting up from the larger addend, which in this case is 5, so you count 6, 7, 8.

Question 3

Siegler's overlapping waves model represents the fact that

Accepted Answer

Siegler's overlapping waves model suggests that children use multiple strategies to solve problems and that the use of these strategies changes over time, with different strategies overlapping in their usage at different developmental stages.

Question 4

Most children have some grasp of the inversion principle by the time they reach the

Accepted Answer

Most children understand the inversion principle by the end of the preschool period, which typically occurs around ages 4 to 5.

Question 5

To determine that a child can apply the inversion principle when solving arithmetic problems, Jeffrey Bisanz

Accepted Answer

Jeffrey Bisanz determined that a child can apply the inversion principle by comparing the length of time it took to solve inversion and standard arithmetic questions. This method assesses the child's understanding and application of the principle by observing the efficiency in solving different types of problems.

Question 6

Which response pattern should be evident in the child who uses inversion to solve applicable arithmetic problems?

Accepted Answer

Inversion problems are those that involve understanding that operations can be reversed (e.g., addition and subtraction, multiplication and division). A child who uses inversion to solve arithmetic problems would show greater accuracy on these specific types of problems, indicating they understand and can apply the concept effectively.

Question 7

Jeffrey Bisanz found that, compared to their performances on standard arithmetic problems, preschoolers were __________ when solving the inversion problems.

Accepted Answer

Jeffrey Bisanz found that preschoolers were faster when solving inversion problems compared to their performances on standard arithmetic problems. This suggests that they could recognize the relationship between the numbers and operations more quickly in inversion scenarios.

Question 8

The dimension-change card sort is used to study

Accepted Answer

The dimension-change card sort task is used to study rule-based reasoning, as it requires participants to switch between different sorting rules, testing their cognitive flexibility and ability to adapt to new rules.

Question 9

Research using the dimension-change card sort has demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

The dimension-change card sort task has shown that 3-year-olds can engage in rule-based problem solving but face challenges, particularly when rules are changed during the task, indicating limitations in their cognitive flexibility and ability to integrate simple rules into more complex systems.

Question 10

Three-year-olds were shown pictures of blue cars, red cars, blue flowers, and red flowers. They were asked to sort the pictures into a stack of blue things and a stack of red things. They performed very well on this task. They were then asked to sort the same cards again, but this time they should make a stack of cars and a stack of flowers. What is the likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Three-year-olds often have difficulty switching sorting criteria due to their developing cognitive flexibility, so they may persist in sorting by color as they did initially.

Question 11

Analogical reasoning

Accepted Answer

Analogical reasoning has been demonstrated in infants less than 18-months-old, indicating that the ability to draw analogies is not limited to older children or adults and does not necessarily require verbal skills.

Question 12

Researchers have shown that most (60% of) infants can engage in analogical reasoning by the time they are

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers have shown that most (60% of)...

Question 13

Three-year-old children heard a story about a genie who needed to transport some jewels over a wall and into a bottle. The genie solved her problem by rolling up a piece of poster board so that it formed a tube, placing one end of the tube in the mouth of the bottle, and rolling the jewels through the tube and into the bottle. After hearing this story, three-year-old children

Accepted Answer

Three-year-old children often struggle with abstract reasoning and applying learned solutions to analogous problems, especially if the context changes significantly. The ability to generalize a solution from one context to another, such as using a tube to transport items in different scenarios, typically develops as children grow older. By the age of five, children are better at understanding analogies and applying learned concepts to new situations, which explains why five-year-olds, but not three-year-olds, could suggest a similar solution for the Easter Bunny scenario.

Question 14

The mechanism of cognitive change that is most closely related to attention is

Accepted Answer

Encoding is the process by which we attend to, take in, and process new information, making attention crucial for encoding to occur. Automatization, strategy construction, and strategy selection involve cognitive processes that can be influenced by attention but are not as directly related to the mechanism of cognitive change as encoding is.

Question 15

The increase in the efficiency with which cognitive operations are executed as a result of practice is known as

Accepted Answer

Automatization refers to the process where, through practice, cognitive operations become more efficient, requiring less conscious effort and becoming automatic.

Question 16

The mechanism of cognitive change that is most closely related to practice is

Accepted Answer

Automatization refers to the process by which skills and knowledge become automatic through practice. This mechanism is directly related to how repeated practice can lead to cognitive changes, making tasks easier and less resource-demanding over time.

Question 17

The mechanisms of cognitive change favoured by information processing theorists include

Accepted Answer

Information processing theorists focus on how people process information, and they emphasize mechanisms such as automatization (making processes automatic through practice), strategy construction (developing new approaches to processing information), and strategy selection (choosing among different strategies based on their effectiveness). These mechanisms are central to understanding cognitive change from an information processing perspective.

Question 18

Jennifer has to remember the grocery list which includes salt, sugar, cumin, milk, yogurt, cheese, apples, celery, and carrots. She remembers condiments, dairy, and produce. This example best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Strategy construction involves creating a plan to remember information, such as grouping items into categories. In this case, Jennifer grouped the items on her grocery list into condiments, dairy, and produce.

Question 19

Out of the three major approaches to cognitive development, which is the approach that has been most successful at constructing precise models of the cognitive change process?

Accepted Answer

The Information Processing approach has been most successful at constructing precise models of the cognitive change process because it breaks down cognitive tasks into their component parts and analyzes how people process information through different stages of memory and thought processes. This approach allows for detailed models and simulations of cognitive processes.

Question 20

Compare and contrast the flow chart model, the computer simulation model, and connectionism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the flow chart model,...

Quiz 9: Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach