Question 1

Which of the following criminal justice system employees is NOT among those typically immune from prosecution?

Accepted Answer

Police officers, unlike probation officers, Crown attorneys, and parole board members, do not typically have absolute immunity from prosecution. While they may have certain protections in the line of duty, they can still face criminal charges for unlawful actions.

Question 2

In recent years the federal government has pushed to increase the use and applicability of mandatory minimum sentences. Which of the following best describes this practice?

Accepted Answer

Mandatory minimum sentences are an example of penal populism, where policies are designed to appeal to public sentiments about crime and punishment, often emphasizing harsher penalties regardless of the individual circumstances of a case.

Question 3

In recent years the criminal justice system has seen an increase in the number of persons with mental illness and substance addictions entering the system. Which of the following best describes this challenge?

Accepted Answer

The challenge described is known as "downloading onto the justice system," which refers to the trend of the criminal justice system increasingly having to manage individuals with mental illness and substance addictions, tasks that might be more appropriately handled by health and social services.

Question 4

Which level of government is responsible for the administration of justice?

Accepted Answer

The provincial/territorial governments in Canada are responsible for the administration of justice, including the management of courts and enforcement of laws within their jurisdiction.

Question 5

Which level of government is responsible for the operation of the Parole Board of Canada?

Accepted Answer

The Parole Board of Canada operates under the federal level of government, as it is responsible for making parole decisions and clemency recommendations for offenders in federal correctional institutions and some offenders in provincial institutions.

Question 6

Describe and discuss the responsibilities for criminal justice of a) the federal government; b) provincial/territorial governments; and c) municipal governments.

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

Identify and describe the factors that hinder the criminal justice system operating as a "system."

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

What is meant by the assertion that the criminal justice system is a "human enterprise," and what are the implications of this for how the justice system operates?

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

Discuss the "criminal justice funnel" and note its implications for systems of corrections.

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Discuss whether Canadians are receiving "value for service" with respect to expenditures on the criminal justice system.

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

Identify and discuss one example from the textbook that demonstrates the challenges of doing justice in a multicultural society.

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

Compare and contrast the crime control model with the due process model as examples of models of criminal justice administration.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

Discuss what research studies suggest about the deterrent effect of the law.

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

Identify and explain the basic principles of an adversarial criminal justice system.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Compare and contrast the terms "ethical issue" and "ethical dilemma." Provide one example of each.

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

Define and discuss the term "task environment," as well as its implications for the way the criminal justice system operates. Using your own city or province/territory as an example, identify differences between and even within one jurisdiction, identifying how these environments pose different and challenging circumstances for the criminal justice system.

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

A key attribute of decision making in the criminal justice system is the exercise of discretion by criminal justice personnel. Discretion has both positive and negative connotations and the use and abuse of discretion has been the focus of extensive research and debate. A few observers have argued that discretion should be abolished, while others have argued that discretion should be structured and confined with specific, published guidelines. Still other criminal justice observers argue that discretion is a healthy and necessary component of the criminal justice system and that no guidelines or controls on its exercise should be imposed on criminal justice decision makers. Discuss these issues.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

Make a list of the potential benefits and possible difficulties with the exercise of discretion at various stages of the criminal justice system. Consideration should be given to the following questions: Should there be any controls on the exercise of discretion by criminal justice personnel? If not, why not? If so, what types of control should exist at the various stages of the criminal justice system?

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Consider the "criminal justice funnel" depicted in Figure 2.3 on page 27.	Identify the factors that contribute to the attrition of cases from the police stage to the corrections stage. What role do factors such as being a member of a cultural or visible minority, being Aboriginal, being poor, the seriousness of the offence, plea bargaining, and having a good lawyer play in creating the "funnel"?

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

Explore the factors that prevent the criminal justice system from operating as a system. Following a discussion of these factors, identify potential strategies to mitigate these factors in order to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the criminal justice system. Identify the potential obstacles to the implementation of these strategies.

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 2: The Structure and Process of Criminal Justice