Question 1

The behavioral perspective on motivation emphasizes internal rewards as keys in determining a student's motivation.

Accepted Answer

This perspective emphasizes external rewards and punishments.

Question 2

Examples of external incentives that teachers can use include stars, grades, displaying of work, and compliments.

Accepted Answer

All of these incentives can motivate students to learn.

Question 3

The behavioral perspective emphasizes the student's motivation with respect to internal incentives, while the cognitive perspective emphasizes the importance of external incentives.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral perspective emphasizes external incentives and the cognitive perspective emphasizes the importance of internal incentives.

Question 4

The humanistic perspective emphasizes an individual's capacity for personal growth.

Accepted Answer

The humanistic perspective looks to a student's capacity for personal growth, freedom to choose his or her destiny, and positive qualities.

Question 5

In a recent study, high school students who were encouraged to organize their own experiments demonstrated more care and interest in their laboratory work than their counterparts who were given detailed instructions.

Accepted Answer

Researchers have found that students tend to care more about their work when given more responsibility.

Question 6

Extrinsic motivation involves the internal motivation to do something for its own sake.

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic motivation involves doing something to obtain something else, such as a reward.

Question 7

"Flow" (as described by Csikszentmihalyi) is most likely to occur in areas where students are challenged and perceive themselves as having a low degree of skill.

Accepted Answer

Flow occurs when students are challenged in areas in which they perceive themselves as having a high degree of skill.

Question 8

Students typically enjoy an activity the most when it provides little challenge.

Accepted Answer

Under these conditions, students are typically bored.

Question 9

In some instances, extrinsic rewards can undermine learning.

Accepted Answer

In one study, students spent more time drawing when they were not given rewards than when rewards were given.

Question 10

Researchers have found that intrinsic motivation decreases as students move from the early elementary years to the high school years.

Accepted Answer

This trend is unfortunate since the goal of many parents and educators is to increase students' intrinsic motivation.

Question 11

Children show two distinct responses to challenging or difficult circumstances: a mastery orientation or a helpless orientation.

Accepted Answer

The difference in orientation is due to a difference in focus: either on the task itself or one's own ability.

Question 12

Teachers with high self-efficacy tend to view difficult students as reachable and teachable, whereas teachers with low self-efficacy are inclined to say that students who are not learning are unable to do so due to low ability.

Accepted Answer

Teachers with high self-efficacy are generally more optimistic and effective.

Question 13

Highly educated parents are likely to believe that their involvement in their children's education is important.

Accepted Answer

Less-educated parents are less likely to feel this way.

Question 14

The achievement level of individuals in one's peer group has little influence on the achievement level of the student.

Accepted Answer

A student that associates with peers that have high achievement is more likely to have the same, and visa versa.

Question 15

When parents emphasize academics or extracurricular activities in the elementary years, there is little to no impact on a child's desire to continue participating in similar activities in adolescence.

Accepted Answer

The extent to which parents emphasize academic achievement or sports and provide opportunities and resources for their children to participate in these activities in the elementary school years influences whether the children are likely to continue to choose course work and extracurricular activities consistent with these activities in adolescence.

Question 16

A child's skills and work habits when entering kindergarten are among the best predictors of academic motivation and performance in both elementary and secondary school.

Accepted Answer

This statement is True.

Question 17

Failure syndrome refers to having low expectations and giving up at the first sign of difficulty.

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of failure syndrome presented in the text.

Question 18

Students experiencing failure syndrome fail despite putting forth their best effort.

Accepted Answer

Low-achieving students fail despite putting forth their best effort, while failure syndrome students do not put forth their best effort and give up at the first sign of difficulty.

Question 19

Achievement problems can arise when students have low expectations for success, try to protect their self-worth by avoiding failure, procrastinate, have overwhelming anxiety, or become uninterested or alienated from school.

Accepted Answer

All of these behaviors can contribute to students' achievement problems.

Question 20

Perfectionists are noted for increased productivity, good health, prosocial behaviors, and high self- esteem.

Accepted Answer

Perfectionists are vulnerable to decreased productivity, impaired health, relationship problems, and low self-esteem. Depression, anxiety, and eating disorders are common outcomes of perfectionism.

Quiz 13: Motivation, Teaching, and Learning