A Vertical Marketing System Is

A vertical marketing system is

A) an intermediary marketing system that consists of manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers in the same channel acting as unified whole
B) an intermediary system at the same level of the distribution channel pooling resources and achieving economies of scale, thereby playing on their individual strengths
C) a large company that specializes in providing intermediary services, risk reduction through extensive information channels, and significant financial assistance to manufacturing firms
D) a Japanese family of firms with interlocking stakes in one another