Question 1

In which of the following ways do advances in electronic surveillance promise greater efficiency in crime control?

Accepted Answer

Advances in electronic surveillance can deter potential offenders, enable quicker police response with crucial information, and enhance public perceptions of safety, encouraging more community presence and vigilance.

Question 2

To the extent that the crime control model is followed in the use of electronic surveillance, whose vision of society, according to your textbook, may become a reality in the United States?

Accepted Answer

George Orwell's vision of society, particularly as depicted in his novel "1984," aligns with concerns about the extensive use of electronic surveillance and its implications for privacy and freedom, reflecting the potential outcomes of the crime control model.

Question 3

According to a 2007 ABC News-Washington Post poll, approximately what percentage of Americans favored increased use of surveillance cameras?

Accepted Answer

According to the 2007 ABC News-Washington Post poll, approximately 70% of Americans favored increased use of surveillance cameras. This reflects a significant majority of the population supporting the use of technology for security and surveillance purposes.

Question 4

Which of the following cities has the most extensive network of surveillance cameras, known as the "Ring of Steel"?

Accepted Answer

London is known for its extensive network of surveillance cameras, often referred to as the "Ring of Steel." This network was initially developed to protect the city's financial district and has since expanded.

Question 5

In the future, there may be no practical need for a separate juvenile justice process because

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the future, there may be no...

Question 6

According to one authority, approximately what percentage of current prisoners are either violent offenders or repeat offenders with two or more felony convictions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to one authority, approximately what percentage...

Question 7

According to one authority, approximately what percentage of current prisoners can be considered low-risk offenders and thus good candidates for alternatives to incarceration?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to one authority, approximately what percentage...

Question 8

The FBI's Next Generation Identification (NGI) system is expected to be operational in 2014 and will be a vast storehouse of iris scans, photos searchable with face recognition technology, palm prints, and measures of gait and voice recordings alongside records of fingerprints, scars, and tattoos.

Accepted Answer

The FBI's Next Generation Identification (NGI) system, which became operational around 2014, indeed encompasses a comprehensive database including iris scans, facial recognition-capable photos, palm prints, and traditional biometric data such as fingerprints, scars, and tattoos, enhancing the bureau's identification and investigative capabilities.

Question 9

The police have lagged behind other government agencies in the amassing of biometric data.

Accepted Answer

Many police departments around the world have been at the forefront of collecting biometric data, using technologies such as facial recognition, fingerprinting, and DNA analysis for identification and criminal investigations.

Question 10

Police departments nationwide are equipping themselves with Mobile Offender Recognition and Information Systems (MORIS), which are an iPhone add-on that allows patrol officers to scan the irises and faces of individuals and match them against government databases.

Accepted Answer

MORIS, or Mobile Offender Recognition and Information System, is indeed a technology used by some police departments. It attaches to an iPhone, enabling officers to scan irises and faces of individuals to match them against government databases for identification purposes.

Question 11

To build databases, some judges are requiring biometric data from defendants in exchange for more lenient sentences.

Accepted Answer

Some judges in the United States have indeed started to require defendants to provide biometric data, such as DNA samples, as part of plea deals or conditions for more lenient sentences. This practice raises significant privacy and ethical concerns.

Question 12

Some Occupy Wall Street protesters who were arrested for trespassing and disorderly conduct were given bail amounts based on whether or not they consented to an iris scan during their booking.

Accepted Answer

During the Occupy Wall Street protests, some protesters arrested for trespassing and disorderly conduct were indeed given the option of consenting to an iris scan as part of their booking process, which could influence their bail conditions. This practice raised concerns about privacy and the implications of biometric data collection.

Question 13

To avoid inclusion in the government's massive identification database, the hacktivist group Anonymous advises that when going out in public, a person should wear a transparent plastic mask, tilt one's head at a 15 degree angle, wear obscuring makeup, and wear a hat outfitted with infra-red LED lights.

Accepted Answer

The question states that Anonymous advises people to wear a transparent plastic mask, tilt their head at a 15 degree angle, wear obscuring makeup, and wear a hat outfitted with infra-red LED lights to avoid inclusion in the government's massive identification database.

Question 14

If due process model principles dominate the future, robots may be used routinely in hostage situations and in the arrest of dangerous suspects.

Accepted Answer

The due process model emphasizes fairness, rights of the accused, and the need for a legal process that is just and equitable. Using robots in hostage situations and the arrest of dangerous suspects could be seen as a way to minimize harm and ensure safer outcomes for all involved, aligning with the principles of due process by potentially reducing unnecessary violence and protecting the rights of individuals.

Question 15

Some police departments have plans to put small wireless video cameras on police officers' lapels and to install equipment in patrol cars that will allow officers to remotely monitor video feeds from banks.

Accepted Answer

Many police departments are implementing or considering the use of body-worn cameras for officers, as well as integrating technology that allows for remote monitoring of video feeds, including those from banks and other locations, to enhance public safety and accountability.

Question 16

Automatic license number plate recognition systems use infrared (IR) cameras and sophisticated software to recognize the letters and numbers on a plate and compare them with a database to detect vehicles of interest.

Accepted Answer

Automatic license plate recognition systems indeed use infrared (IR) cameras along with advanced software algorithms to capture and analyze the characters on a vehicle's license plate. This technology allows for the identification of vehicles in various lighting conditions, and the information can be compared against databases for purposes such as law enforcement, toll collection, and parking management.

Question 17

Automatic license number plate recognition systems can be mounted almost anywhere, and there are aerial units capable of reading a plate from an elevation of more than 30,000 feet.

Accepted Answer

Automatic license plate recognition systems are advanced, but there are no publicly known systems capable of accurately reading a license plate from an elevation of more than 30,000 feet. Most systems are designed for ground or near-ground level operation, such as on police vehicles, traffic poles, or toll booths.

Question 18

Automatic license number plate recognition systems can detect, capture, and compare 5,000 to 10,000 plates per minute, even under seemingly difficult conditions, such as at night, in the rain, through a chain-link fence, and a plate with mild mud splatters.

Accepted Answer

Automatic license plate recognition systems are capable of detecting and capturing plates under various conditions, but the rate of 5,000 to 10,000 plates per minute is exaggerated and not typically achievable with current technology.

Question 19

With an automatic license number plate recognition system, an officer can record oncoming plates at a combined speed of 120 mph or scan parked cars in a parking lot or on a neighborhood street without slowing down or taking his or her eyes off the road.

Accepted Answer

Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) systems allow officers to capture and analyze license plate numbers at high speeds or while in motion, without the need for manual input or diverting attention from driving.

Question 20

According to your textbook, in the future, through comprehensive databases, all police officers will have access to every protective order to keep abusers separated from potential victims at all times and virtually from the moment they have been issued.

Accepted Answer

Comprehensive databases aim to ensure that protective orders are accessible to police officers in real-time, allowing for immediate enforcement to keep abusers away from potential victims, enhancing safety and response efficiency.

Quiz 14: The Future of Criminal Justice in the United States