Question 1

In the past, when Sam's daughter wanted to play with his cell phone, he would hide it from her view. Today, when Sam hid the phone, his daughter kept crying for it, reaching for it, and looking for it. She has developed:

Accepted Answer

Sam's daughter demonstrating an understanding that the cell phone still exists even when it's out of sight indicates she has developed object permanence. This is a key cognitive development stage where infants learn that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched.

Question 2

When older infants enjoy a game of peek-a-boo, they are practicing which new cognitive skill?

Accepted Answer

Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched. Peek-a-boo is a game that helps infants practice and understand this concept, as they learn that the person hiding (e.g., behind their hands) has not disappeared but is still present.

Question 3

Ballargean's infant test in which an infant watched a moving screen either pass through or stop on an object suggested that:

Accepted Answer

Ballargean's infant test suggested that infants have a sense of object permanence earlier than Piaget suggested, as they showed surprise when the screen moved in a way that would be impossible if the object remained in place, indicating they understood the object continued to exist even when it was not visible.

Question 4

Which study uses the violation-of-expectation paradigm?

Accepted Answer

The violation-of-expectation paradigm is used in Ballargeon's screen test, which investigates infants' understanding of object permanence by observing their reactions to unexpected events, such as an object seemingly passing through a solid barrier.

Question 5

According to Ballargean, object permanence can be seen in infants as young as:

Accepted Answer

Ballargean's research suggests that infants as young as 2 or 3 months old show signs of object permanence, as they demonstrate surprise when an object is hidden and then revealed in unexpected ways.

Question 6

There is new evidence that development in understanding object permanence is associated with maturation of:

Accepted Answer

Object permanence, the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be observed, is associated with the development of the frontal lobes in the brain. This area is crucial for cognitive functions and planning, which are integral to developing an understanding of object permanence.

Question 7

Which is not one of the six substages of Piaget's sensorimotor stage?

Accepted Answer

Object permanence is a concept developed during the sensorimotor stage, not a substage itself. The substages are: reflexes, primary circular reactions, secondary circular reactions, coordination of reactions, tertiary circular reactions, and mental combinations.

Question 8

A perspective on cognitive development that emphasizes the flow of information through the mind is:

Accepted Answer

Information processing theory focuses on how people process the information they collect from their environment, emphasizing the flow of information through the mind, including how it is input, stored, and retrieved.

Question 9

Which type of theorists compares the working of the human mind to information moving through a computer?

Accepted Answer

Information processing theorists compare the workings of the human mind to how information is processed by computers, focusing on the ways in which people gather, encode, store, and retrieve information.

Question 10

By 4 months, infants are able to categorize by all except:

Accepted Answer

The answer of By 4 months, infants are able to...

Question 11

Dishabituation trials having given researchers insight in what cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Dishabituation trials help researchers understand categorization by showing how infants can differentiate between different stimuli, indicating their ability to categorize.

Question 12

Josh watches his brother play by loading marbles into a toy truck. Later, when he found the marbles, he loaded them into his toy train. This indicates that he understands:

Accepted Answer

Josh's action of loading marbles into a toy train after seeing them loaded into a toy truck suggests he understands that marbles can be associated with the category of objects that can be loaded into vehicles, indicating an understanding of object categorization.

Question 13

Carolyn Rovee-Collier is best known for her work on:

Accepted Answer

Carolyn Rovee-Collier is renowned for her pioneering research on the memory capabilities of infants, demonstrating that even very young babies can remember specific objects and actions over time.

Question 14

In Rovee-Collier's memory experiment, infants showed memory skills if they:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Rovee-Collier's memory experiment, infants showed memory...

Question 15

How old are infants who kicked above baseline rates in the ribbon/mobile technique after a 3-month delay?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How old are infants who kicked above...

Question 16

In Rovee-Collier's memory experiments, very young infants' memories were:

Accepted Answer

Rovee-Collier's experiments demonstrated that very young infants' memories are context-dependent, meaning that their ability to remember is influenced by the environment or context in which the original learning took place.

Question 17

Compared to younger infants, older infants' recognition memories seem to be more:

Accepted Answer

Older infants' recognition memories are more flexible compared to younger infants. This flexibility allows them to recognize objects or individuals in varying contexts or situations, indicating a more developed memory system.

Question 18

At the grocery store, Tommy sees a cereal that he remembers eating with his grandpa. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Recognition memory is the ability to identify something that has been previously encountered. In this case, Tommy recognizes the cereal from his past experience eating it with his grandpa.

Question 19

When Tommy comes home from day care, his mom asks him who he played with today and he responds, "Justin." This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Recall memory involves retrieving information without being provided with cues. In this case, Tommy retrieves the name of his playmate without any prompts, which is an example of recall memory.

Question 20

In Bauer's recall memory experiments, 20-month-old infants remembered a two-step sequence after a delay of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Bauer's recall memory experiments, 20-month-old infants...

Quiz 5: Cognitive and Language Development