Question 1

Alisa writes a term paper in which she argues that a person does not inherit a good or bad IQ score. Furthermore, she states that any child who is given an abundance of books, stimulating learning materials, and opportunities to learn can attain high scores on IQ tests. Alisa is advocating which school of thought regarding intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Alisa's argument aligns with the environmental school of thought regarding intelligence, which emphasizes the impact of environmental factors such as access to learning materials and opportunities on the development of intelligence, rather than genetic inheritance.

Question 2

Lisette has just learned the alphabet. She is now able to identify individual letters on flash cards chosen at random and is able to give a word that starts with any given letter. Lisette is now able to:

Accepted Answer

Lisette's ability to identify letters and associate them with words indicates she can use symbols, as letters are symbolic representations of sounds and words.

Question 3

Miriam is testing a concept that she learned in her child development class. She takes ten pennies to the preschool where she is doing her internship. She shows the children the pennies and asks them to count them. Then she makes two parallel rows of five pennies in each row that are both evenly spaced so that the rows are in alignment. Then, as the children watch, she spreads the bottom row out by increasing the distance between the pennies. She asks the children which row contains more pennies. They all respond that the bottom row has more. This illustrates that the children are unable to solve ___________ problems.

Accepted Answer

This illustrates that the children are unable to solve conservation problems, as they are not recognizing that the quantity of pennies remains the same despite the change in the spatial arrangement. Conservation problems involve understanding that certain properties of objects are conserved even when their appearance changes.

Question 4

Miriam tests a concept with preschoolers. She pours liquid from a long thin glass into a short wide glass. The water that filled the thin glass to the top now only reaches halfway up in the wide glass. When she asks which glass has more water, the children respond that the first glass has more water. The children are only focusing on the level of water in the glass, not the volume of water being poured into two different containers. This is an example of a process called:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of centration, where children focus on one aspect of a situation, neglecting other important features. In this case, they focus on the height of the water, ignoring its volume across different shaped containers.

Question 5

Four-year-old Hedley is unhappy that he was only given one cookie. "Not enough!" he says. His father takes the cookie and breaks it into three pieces, which he lines up side by side. "That's better," says Hedley. This example shows that Hedley is paying attention to states rather than _____________.

Accepted Answer

Hedley is focusing on the appearance of having more pieces, not understanding that breaking the cookie into pieces doesn't change the amount of cookie he has. This indicates a focus on the superficial change (state) rather than the underlying process or transformation that the cookie undergoes.

Question 6

Riding in the car at night, 3-year-old Angelique looks up to see the full moon. "It's following me and it's so bright so I can see. It's doing it just for me and it's my moon," she says. Angelique is expressing:

Accepted Answer

Angelique is demonstrating egocentrism, a concept from Piaget's theory of cognitive development, where she believes the moon is following her specifically, showing an inability to understand perspectives other than her own.

Question 7

Three-year-old Bobbi sees her playmate crying because she doesn't have cookies for snack time. Bobbi gives her playmate some of her cookies and tells her not to cry. Which word describes this behavior?

Accepted Answer

Bobbi's behavior is described as "prosocial" because she is acting in a way that benefits another person, showing concern and kindness by sharing her cookies to comfort her playmate.

Question 8

The theory that probes children's developing conceptions of major components of mental activity is called:

Accepted Answer

The theory of mind refers to the understanding that others have thoughts, beliefs, and perspectives that are different from one's own, which is a key aspect of children's cognitive development.

Question 9

Sehmon watches as his dad punches in the code for the garage door opener. "What do you think will happen when I push the Enter button?" his dad asks. "The door will open," Sehmon responds. This shows that Sehmon understands:

Accepted Answer

Sehmon's understanding that pressing the Enter button will cause the garage door to open demonstrates his grasp of causality, which is the relationship between cause and effect.

Question 10

The study of sounds in a language is called:

Accepted Answer

Phonology is the study of sounds in a language.

Question 11

Which statement about stuttering is true?

Accepted Answer

Stuttering is a speech disorder that can be effectively managed with the help of a speech pathologist. These professionals are trained to provide strategies and interventions to help reduce stuttering.

Question 12

The theory developed by Vygotsky states that people learn in social settings. Therefore a child can accomplish a difficult task she couldn't accomplish alone with the help of a more skilled partner. This concept is known as:

Accepted Answer

The concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is central to Lev Vygotsky's theory of learning and development. It refers to the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner.

Question 13

Rodney is in preschool. His teacher notices that Rodney sometimes appears to be talking to himself. How is the teacher likely to react?

Accepted Answer

Private speech is a normal part of development in young children, often used for self-guidance and thought processing. It is not typically a cause for concern at preschool age.

Question 14

Marta watches as her 5-year-old daughter attempts to climb a tree. Marta's mother comments that Marta engaged in the very same behavior at that age. Marta finds this curious as she has no memory of this at all. What can we conclude about Marta?

Accepted Answer

Childhood amnesia refers to the common phenomenon where adults cannot recall memories from their early childhood, typically before the age of 3 to 4 years. It is a normal part of memory development.

Question 15

_________ refers to the retention of what has been experienced; _________ refers to remembering what was learned earlier (for example, a scientific concept).

Accepted Answer

Memory refers to the retention of what has been experienced, while recall refers to the act of remembering what was learned earlier.

Question 16

Benisa glances over to a piece of paper where she wrote an e-mail address. She is able to type in the address without looking back at the paper, but she is unable to remember it 35 seconds later. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Benisa's ability to remember the e-mail address for a brief period before forgetting it illustrates the characteristics of short-term memory, which typically holds information for seconds to a few minutes without rehearsal.

Question 17

Valerie is explaining to Mark how to multiply. "Five times three means you take three groups that each has five things in it. When you combine the groups together you get the answer." Valerie's understanding of the mental process that she goes through to explain multiplication is called:

Accepted Answer

Metacognition refers to the understanding and awareness of one's own thought processes. Valerie's explanation of how she conceptualizes multiplication demonstrates her awareness of her own mental process, which is a form of metacognition.

Question 18

According to Piaget, preschool children have an underdeveloped moral sense because they lack the ability to:

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that preschool children have an underdeveloped moral sense because they lack the ability to understand intentionality. He argued that children at this stage focus on the consequences of actions rather than the intentions behind them, which is crucial for developing a mature sense of morality.

Question 19

The developmental psychologist who researched the development of moral reasoning by studying differences in children's reasoning about moral dilemmas is:

Accepted Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg is known for his research on the development of moral reasoning, where he studied how children's reasoning about moral dilemmas changes as they grow.

Question 20

What is asthma and to what extent are children affected by this disease?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is asthma and to what extent...

Quiz 7: Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Lisette has just learned the alphabet. She is now able to identify individual letters on flash cards chosen at random and is able to give a word that starts with any given letter. Lisette is now able to:

Four-year-old Hedley is unhappy that he was only given one cookie. "Not enough!" he says. His father takes the cookie and breaks it into three pieces, which he lines up side by side. "That's better," says Hedley. This example shows that Hedley is paying attention to states rather than _____________.

Riding in the car at night, 3-year-old Angelique looks up to see the full moon. "It's following me and it's so bright so I can see. It's doing it just for me and it's my moon," she says. Angelique is expressing:

Three-year-old Bobbi sees her playmate crying because she doesn't have cookies for snack time. Bobbi gives her playmate some of her cookies and tells her not to cry. Which word describes this behavior?

The theory that probes children's developing conceptions of major components of mental activity is called:

Sehmon watches as his dad punches in the code for the garage door opener. "What do you think will happen when I push the Enter button?" his dad asks. "The door will open," Sehmon responds. This shows that Sehmon understands:

The study of sounds in a language is called:

Which statement about stuttering is true?

The theory developed by Vygotsky states that people learn in social settings. Therefore a child can accomplish a difficult task she couldn't accomplish alone with the help of a more skilled partner. This concept is known as:

Rodney is in preschool. His teacher notices that Rodney sometimes appears to be talking to himself. How is the teacher likely to react?

Marta watches as her 5-year-old daughter attempts to climb a tree. Marta's mother comments that Marta engaged in the very same behavior at that age. Marta finds this curious as she has no memory of this at all. What can we conclude about Marta?

_ refers to the retention of what has been experienced; _ refers to remembering what was learned earlier (for example, a scientific concept) .

Benisa glances over to a piece of paper where she wrote an e-mail address. She is able to type in the address without looking back at the paper, but she is unable to remember it 35 seconds later. This is an example of:

Valerie is explaining to Mark how to multiply. "Five times three means you take three groups that each has five things in it. When you combine the groups together you get the answer." Valerie's understanding of the mental process that she goes through to explain multiplication is called:

According to Piaget, preschool children have an underdeveloped moral sense because they lack the ability to:

The developmental psychologist who researched the development of moral reasoning by studying differences in children's reasoning about moral dilemmas is:

What is asthma and to what extent are children affected by this disease?

Quiz 7: Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Lisette has just learned the alphabet. She is now able to identify individual letters on flash cards chosen at random and is able to give a word that starts with any given letter. Lisette is now able to:

Riding in the car at night, 3-year-old Angelique looks up to see the full moon. "It's following me and it's so bright so I can see. It's doing it just for me and it's my moon," she says. Angelique is expressing:

Three-year-old Bobbi sees her playmate crying because she doesn't have cookies for snack time. Bobbi gives her playmate some of her cookies and tells her not to cry. Which word describes this behavior?

The theory that probes children's developing conceptions of major components of mental activity is called:

Sehmon watches as his dad punches in the code for the garage door opener. "What do you think will happen when I push the Enter button?" his dad asks. "The door will open," Sehmon responds. This shows that Sehmon understands:

The study of sounds in a language is called:

Which statement about stuttering is true?

The theory developed by Vygotsky states that people learn in social settings. Therefore a child can accomplish a difficult task she couldn't accomplish alone with the help of a more skilled partner. This concept is known as:

Rodney is in preschool. His teacher notices that Rodney sometimes appears to be talking to himself. How is the teacher likely to react?

Marta watches as her 5-year-old daughter attempts to climb a tree. Marta's mother comments that Marta engaged in the very same behavior at that age. Marta finds this curious as she has no memory of this at all. What can we conclude about Marta?

_________ refers to the retention of what has been experienced; _________ refers to remembering what was learned earlier (for example, a scientific concept) .

Benisa glances over to a piece of paper where she wrote an e-mail address. She is able to type in the address without looking back at the paper, but she is unable to remember it 35 seconds later. This is an example of:

Valerie is explaining to Mark how to multiply. "Five times three means you take three groups that each has five things in it. When you combine the groups together you get the answer." Valerie's understanding of the mental process that she goes through to explain multiplication is called:

According to Piaget, preschool children have an underdeveloped moral sense because they lack the ability to:

The developmental psychologist who researched the development of moral reasoning by studying differences in children's reasoning about moral dilemmas is:

What is asthma and to what extent are children affected by this disease?

_ refers to the retention of what has been experienced; _ refers to remembering what was learned earlier (for example, a scientific concept) .