Question 1

The role of electronic media in the United States is to inform, educate and entertain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The role of electronic media in the...

Question 2

Deregulation leads to a natural expansion and growth of native media outlets in non-Western countries.

Accepted Answer

Deregulation often allows for increased foreign or multinational corporation entry into the market, which can outcompete local media outlets, potentially leading to a reduction in native media presence and diversity.

Question 3

More than half the nations in the world still place some restrictions on journalists or media outlets.

Accepted Answer

Many countries around the world impose various levels of restrictions on journalists and media outlets, ranging from censorship, licensing requirements, to outright threats and violence against journalists, reflecting issues with press freedom globally.

Question 4

Decolonization and the expansion of the global communication industry resulted in an increase of access to non-Western culture across the world.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Decolonization and the expansion of the global...

Question 5

Senior positions in UNESCO are exclusively held by delegates from core nations.

Accepted Answer

Senior positions in UNESCO are not exclusively held by delegates from core nations; they are open to individuals from all member countries, reflecting the organization's commitment to international cooperation and diversity.

Question 6

The one-country-one-vote procedure that governs UNESCO has provided the peripheral nations with a voice and power.

Accepted Answer

The one-country-one-vote procedure in UNESCO ensures that all member countries, regardless of their size or economic power, have an equal say in the organization's decisions, thereby giving peripheral or smaller nations a voice and some level of power in its governance.

Question 7

The decision of UNESCO in the 1970s to hold regional meetings in peripheral nations and not in the core nations was met with overwhelming approval and marked as a significant step forward in global relations.

Accepted Answer

The decision led to controversy and criticism, particularly from Western countries, who saw it as a politicization of UNESCO and a move away from its core mission of promoting education, science, and culture. This period marked the beginning of tensions that eventually led to the withdrawal of the United States and the United Kingdom from UNESCO in the 1980s.

Question 8

The 19^th UNESCO General Assembly in Nairobi took place in 1976 and focused on how to promote development through information policies.

Accepted Answer

The 19th UNESCO General Assembly was held in Nairobi in 1976, and one of its focuses was on promoting development through information policies.

Question 9

Over a hundred members of the United Nations from developing countries form a group referred to as the "Group of 77".

Accepted Answer

The Group of 77 at the United Nations is a coalition of 134 developing countries, designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations. It was originally founded in 1964 by 77 countries, hence the name, but has since expanded.

Question 10

The real goal of the New International Economic Order was to shift international power from core nations to a loose coalition of peripheral regions, OPEC regions, non-aligned nations and socialist countries.

Accepted Answer

The New International Economic Order (NIEO) was proposed in the 1970s by developing countries through the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) with the goal of restructuring the global economic system to allow for greater equity in economic relations, including more favorable terms of trade and development assistance for poorer nations. This inherently involved shifting some degree of international economic power and influence from the traditionally dominant, developed (core) nations to a broader coalition that included developing (peripheral), OPEC, non-aligned, and socialist countries.

Question 11

Despite a few disagreements, Western and developing world positions on NWICO were ultimately complementary and easily reconciled.

Accepted Answer

The Western and developing world positions on the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO) were fundamentally at odds, with the West concerned about press freedom and the developing world focusing on rectifying imbalances in information flow; these differences made reconciliation difficult.

Question 12

The USSR vehemently opposed the guidelines set forth by NWICO and UNESCO.

Accepted Answer

The USSR, along with other Eastern Bloc countries, supported the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO) and UNESCO's efforts to promote more equitable global media representation and communication, as it aligned with their interests in countering Western media dominance and promoting their perspectives internationally.

Question 13

From 1985 to the fall of the Berlin Wall, the USSR dominated discussions within UNESCO.

Accepted Answer

The USSR had a significant influence on UNESCO during the period from 1985 to the fall of the Berlin Wall.

Question 14

M'Bow's successor, Frederico Mayor, assumed control of a politically and economically strong UNESCO in 1987.

Accepted Answer

Frederico Mayor inherited a UNESCO that was facing significant political and financial challenges, including the withdrawal of the United States and the United Kingdom from the organization.

Question 15

Mayor's policies differed greatly from M'Bow's and marked a shift towards Western values and free press within UNESCO.

Accepted Answer

Mayor's tenure as UNESCO's Director-General was characterized by a shift towards Western values, including a greater emphasis on free press and freedom of expression, contrasting with his predecessor, Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow, whose policies were often criticized by Western countries for being too influenced by Soviet and Non-Aligned Movement perspectives.

Question 16

The International Programme for the Development of Communication, produced in the 1990s by UNESCO, facilitated the founding of free and open press activities in peripheral nations.

Accepted Answer

The International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC) was indeed initiated by UNESCO to support media projects in developing countries, aiming to promote a free and pluralistic media landscape, which includes the founding of free and open press activities in peripheral nations.

Question 17

According to the book, it is unlikely that a Director General of UNESCO will ever be elected from a peripheral or semiperipheral country.

Accepted Answer

The election of a Director General of UNESCO does not strictly depend on a country's status as core, peripheral, or semiperipheral. The selection is influenced by diplomatic, political, and cultural factors, and there have been instances where leaders from various global regions, including those considered peripheral or semiperipheral, have been elected.

Question 18

According to the book, the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions will likely result in conflict between UNESCO and the World Trade Organization.

Accepted Answer

The Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, adopted by UNESCO, aims to recognize and protect cultural diversity, which can lead to conflicts with the World Trade Organization (WTO) due to differing priorities between cultural preservation and trade liberalization.

Question 19

UNESCO is only minimally involved in the World Summit on the Informational Society.

Accepted Answer

UNESCO played a significant role in the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), actively participating in its organization and in the development of its action lines, particularly those related to access to information and knowledge, e-learning, and cultural diversity in the cyberspace.

Question 20

The communication sector of UNESCO receives less than 10 percent of the organization's annual budget, yet generates over 90 percent of its media coverage.

Accepted Answer

The communication sector of UNESCO, despite receiving a relatively small portion of the organization's annual budget, is highly effective in generating media coverage, showcasing the impact and visibility of its activities in promoting freedom of expression and access to information worldwide.

Quiz 3: The Message: The Role of International Organizations