Question 1

A dangerous assumption that results from investigating gender differences in mental abilities is that such differences, if they exist, are presumed to be:
A) Social in origin, controllable, and likely to change
B) Biological in origin, immutable, and socially significant
C) Unimportant, since we all know how to deal with them
D) Important in determining the complex relationship between ability and career choices

Accepted Answer

The dangerous assumption is that gender differences in mental abilities are biological, immutable, and socially significant, which can lead to stereotypes and discrimination.

Question 2

Catell studied the lives of eminent individuals and noted that few were women. This led him to conclude that this is due to "an innate sexual disqualification." What did Catell fail to acknowledge?
A) There were much larger account of eminent women
B) All eminent men are the product of eminent women
C) Prejudice against women in science
D) Women defined success differently

Accepted Answer

Catell failed to acknowledge the societal prejudice and barriers that prevented women from achieving eminence, particularly in fields like science, rather than an inherent lack of ability.

Question 3

______________ concluded that it made little sense to squander educational resources to bring women into the ranks of the intellectual elite.
A) Thorndike
B) Catell
C) Hall
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

The variability hypothesis
A) Represents women as more ordinary and limited than men
B) Represents women as more variable than men on a number of characteristics
C) Represents men as more stable, therefore more intelligent
D) Represents clear biological and social reasons for the main differences between women and men

Accepted Answer

The variability hypothesis suggests that men exhibit greater variability in traits and abilities than women, leading to the perception that women are more ordinary and limited.

Question 5

"If brain size was the key to intelligence, then elephants and whales should rule the world." This statement was made in response to:
A) Men's assumed superiority to women in intelligence
B) Women's assumed sophisticated brain systems
C) Men's assumed highly specialized brain regions
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The statement challenges the notion that brain size correlates directly with intelligence, which is often used to argue men's superiority over women in terms of intelligence.

Question 6

Studies that suggest that there is more hemispheric specialization in males than females are criticized for:
A) Inconsistent findings
B) Size of the gender difference appears to be small
C) Most differences are indistinguishable between females and males
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The criticisms include inconsistent findings, small size of gender differences, and that most differences are indistinguishable between females and males.

Question 7

Research on brain cauterization
A) Shows no differences in patterns of brain lateralization between women and men
B) Shows differences in patterns of brain lateralization between women and men
C) Shows that the left hemisphere appears to specialize in language analysis, computation and sequential tasks
D) Shows that there is more lateralization in women than men

Accepted Answer

Research has shown differences in patterns of brain lateralization between women and men, with women showing greater lateralization in some areas and men showing greater lateralization in others.

Question 8

Research findings could be statistically significant, yet they could be meaningless. A better statistical measure is:
A) The effect size
B) The F test
C) Meta analysis
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Effect size provides a measure of the magnitude of the difference or relationship, offering more insight into the practical significance of the findings beyond just statistical significance.

Question 9

In most areas of verbal ability, research showed gender differences as:
A) Small and maybe disappearing over time
B) Women are superior to men
C) Men are superior to women
D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that gender differences in verbal ability are generally small and may be diminishing over time, with no significant superiority of one gender over the other.

Question 10

The largest remaining differences in verbal ability are in the area of:
A) Vocabulary
B) Spelling
C) Reading comprehension
D) Verbal fluency

Accepted Answer

The answer of The largest remaining differences in verbal ability...

Question 11

Standardized test are biased against women because they:
A) Under predict later course grades for females
B) Predict males' course grades, but not females' course grades
C) Contain a test format that favors men
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Standardized tests have been criticized for underpredicting women's future academic performance, favoring test formats that may benefit men, and showing discrepancies in predictive validity between genders.

Question 12

An example of sexism in the classroom is supported by research on:
A) Teacher expectations
B) Student expectations
C) Parents expectations
D) Peers expectations

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that teacher expectations can be influenced by gender stereotypes, leading to different treatment and opportunities for male and female students, which is an example of sexism in the classroom.

Question 13

An example of a behavior that harms women in the college classroom is:
A) Seductive behavior toward women
B) Asking more questions to women than men in the classroom
C) Parent expectation
D) Calling more on male than female students

Accepted Answer

D  Seductive behavior toward women is inappropriate and can create a hostile environment. Calling more on male than female students can contribute to gender bias and inequality in classroom participation.

Question 14

Teachers showed tendencies to attribute girl's success to_____________ , and boy's success to_______________ in the classroom
A) Ability; hard work
B) Ability; ability
C) Hard work; hard work
D) Hard work; ability

Accepted Answer

Teachers often attribute girls' success to hard work and boys' success to innate ability, reflecting gender stereotypes in educational settings.

Question 15

Research on "fear of success"
A) Is found mostly among women
B) Is found mostly among unattractive women
C) Is not evident in men
D) Has not supported the notion that there are large gender differences

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the fear of success is not significantly different between genders, and the notion of large gender differences in this area has not been supported.

Question 16

Which of the following describes the difference between women and men in mathematical abilities?
A) Women score higher on standardized tests throughout elementary school, and they score better in math classes throughout college
B) Men score higher on standardized tests throughout elementary school, and they score better in math classes throughout college
C) Men score higher on standardized tests, and women score better in math classes
D) Women score higher on standardized tests, and men score better in math classes

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that men tend to score higher on standardized math tests, while women often achieve better grades in math classes, possibly due to differences in test-taking strategies and classroom engagement.

Question 17

Research on attributions concludes that women tend to attribute their successes to_____________and men to_____________
A) External factors; internal factors
B) Internal factors; external factors
C) Effort; luck
D) Luck; task difficulty

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that women often attribute their successes to external factors, such as luck or help from others, while men are more likely to attribute their successes to internal factors, such as their own abilities or effort.

Question 18

Repeatedly, observers note that females and males use computers differently.Females view computers as______________ ; and males as_________________
A) Tools for solving problems; toys
B) Toys; tools for solving problems
C) A means to perform tasks; tools for solving problems
D) Toys; a place to play games

Accepted Answer

The answer of Repeatedly, observers note that females and males...

Question 19

Lee, Marks, & Byrd (1994) investigated how gender socialization operates in three types of independent high schools: boys' schools, girls' schools, and coeducational schools. Sexism was found to be most salient in
A) Coeducational schools
B) Boys' schools
C) Girls' schools
D) There were no differences in sexism in the three types of schools

Accepted Answer

Boys' schools tend to be more traditional and have a more rigid gender hierarchy, which can lead to more sexism.

Question 20

College women predict they will
A) Receive lower grades than men
B) Receive higher grades than men
C) Receive the same grades as men
D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of College women predict they will
A) Receive lower...

Quiz 6: Ability and Achievement

A dangerous assumption that results from investigating gender differences in mental abilities is that such differences, if they exist, are presumed to be:

Catell studied the lives of eminent individuals and noted that few were women. This led him to conclude that this is due to "an innate sexual disqualification." What did Catell fail to acknowledge?

______________ concluded that it made little sense to squander educational resources to bring women into the ranks of the intellectual elite.

The variability hypothesis

"If brain size was the key to intelligence, then elephants and whales should rule the world." This statement was made in response to:

Studies that suggest that there is more hemispheric specialization in males than females are criticized for:

Research on brain cauterization

Research findings could be statistically significant, yet they could be meaningless. A better statistical measure is:

In most areas of verbal ability, research showed gender differences as:

The largest remaining differences in verbal ability are in the area of:

Standardized test are biased against women because they:

An example of sexism in the classroom is supported by research on:

An example of a behavior that harms women in the college classroom is:

Teachers showed tendencies to attribute girl's success to_ , and boy's success to___ in the classroom

Research on "fear of success"

Which of the following describes the difference between women and men in mathematical abilities?

Research on attributions concludes that women tend to attribute their successes to_and men to_

Repeatedly, observers note that females and males use computers differently.Females view computers as ; and males as___

Lee, Marks, & Byrd (1994) investigated how gender socialization operates in three types of independent high schools: boys' schools, girls' schools, and coeducational schools. Sexism was found to be most salient in

College women predict they will